性骚扰立法的中国经验与前景展望  

Legislation against Sexual Harassment in China: Experience and Prospects

作　　者：王理万 WANG Li-wan(Institute for Human Rights,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人权研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2022年第5期83-96,共14页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划资助成果;教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国共产党领导法治工作历史进程与经验研究”(项目编号:21JZD009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：开端于20世纪80年代末期的性骚扰立法动议,经由地方立法试验、人大代表提案、群团组织推动、司法经验积累和国际社会关注,促使立法机关在2005年修改《妇女权益保障法》时增加规定“禁止对妇女实施性骚扰”,然而,在对性骚扰概念作出立法界定,以及对特定场所性骚扰的强化规制等方面尚不能满足现实需求。2020年,《民法典》明确了性骚扰的概念和构成要件,确立了特定场所防治性骚扰的义务,形成了开放式条文结构,引导了后续《未成年人保护法》和《妇女权益保障法》的修改。总结中国性骚扰立法的经验模式,其呈现鲜明的民意回应型、多级分工式、经验导向性和话语嵌入式特征。由此展望中国性骚扰立法前景,有望转向引导型立法模式,弥合现有法律体系的内部罅隙,继续积累性骚扰立法的中国经验,并嵌入国家和社会的主流话语。The sexual harassment legislative motion that began in the late 1980 s went through local legislative experiments, proposals by NPC deputies upon the advocacy by mass organizations, and accumulation of judicial experience, all which drew attention from the international community.The Chinese legislature was finally prompted to amend the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in 2005.However, measures on legislative definition of the concept of sexual harassment and strengthening regulations regarding site-specific sexual harassment are still not enough.The 2020 Civil Code clarifies the concept and constituent elements of sexual harassment, establishes the obligation to prevent sexual harassment in specific places, and forms an open-ended article structure, all which offer guidance to subsequent amendments to the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests.Summarizing the model of legislative processes of sexual harassment legislation in China, this paper suggests that it has distinct characteristics of having to respond to public opinions that value experiences and observe discourses, and to embrace multi-level division of functions.Looking into future prospects of sexual harassment legislation in China, it is expected that a guiding legislative model, which can bridge the gaps within the existing legal system by continuing accumulating experiences in sexual harassment legislation, seems to be on the rise to embed the legislative exercise in the mainstream discourse of the Chinese society.

关 键 词：性骚扰立法 经验模式 制度前景 民法典 妇女权益保障法 

分 类 号：DF529[政治法律—民商法学]