24-表油菜素内酯对西瓜农药残留降解作用的研究  

Study on Degradation Effects of 24-Epibrassinolide on Pesticide Residues in Watermelons

作　　者：杨世英 贾斌鑫 康佳乐 魏涛 刘峰娟 王成 YANG Shi-ying;JIA Bin-xin;KANG Jia-le;WEI Tao;LIU Feng-juan;WANG Cheng(College of Food Science and Pharmacy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,China;Institute of Quality Standards&Testing Technology for Agro-Products,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products(Urumqi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety,Urumqi 830091,China;Scientific Research Management Office of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830031,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐),新疆农产品质量安全重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院科研管理处,新疆乌鲁木齐830031

出　　处：《保鲜与加工》2022年第10期84-91,共8页Storage and Process

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：为探索24-表油菜素内酯(24-Epibrassinolide,EBR)处理对西瓜中啶虫脒、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、腈菌唑的降解作用及其机理,以西瓜为试验材料,喷施EBR处理,以清水处理为对照,分别于喷施农药后2 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d、15 d、24 d进行取样,采用液相色谱串联质谱法测定西瓜果实中上述农药的残留含量,采用吸光光度法测定解毒酶活性、活性氧含量以及代谢产物的变化。结果表明:与清水对照组相比,EBR处理组显著降低了西瓜果实中啶虫脒、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、腈菌唑的含量(P<0.05),抑制丙二醛(MDA)的生成,显著降低了超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-))的产生速率,保持较高解毒酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX))的活性,且使可溶性蛋白、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量保持在较高的水平。喷施EBR能提高西瓜果实中解毒物质的含量及解毒酶的活性,最终降低西瓜果实中的农药残留含量。The present study aimed to explore the degradation effects and mechanisms of 24-epibrassinolide(EBR)treatments on acetamiprid,carbendazim,difenoconazole and myclobutanil in watermelons.Watermelons were used as test materials,and EBR and water treatments were set as experimental group and control group,respectively.After spraying pesticides,samples were taken at 2 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,9 d,15 d,and 24 d,and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the residues contents of the above pesticides in watermelon fruits,and absorption photometry was employed to determine detoxifying enzymes activities,reactive oxygen species contents and metabolites changes.The results showed that,compared with water control group,the EBR treatment significantly reduced the contents of acetamiprid,carbendazim,pheniconazole and myclobutanil in watermelon fruits(P<0.05),reduced the production of malonaldehyde(MDA),significantly reduced the production rate of superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-)),and maintained high detoxification enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),glutathione reductase(GR)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and kept the contents of soluble proteins,reduced glutathione(GSH)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))at higher levels.Spraying EBR could increase the contents of detoxifying substances and the activities of detoxifying enzymes in watermelon fruits,and finally reduce the contents of pesticide residues in watermelon fruits.

关 键 词：西瓜 农药残留 24-表油菜素内酯 解毒酶 代谢产物 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]