我国未成年人累犯制度的反思与完善  

Reflection and improvement of juvenile recidivism system in China

作　　者：龙敏[1] Long Min

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2022年第4期74-85,共12页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：我国刑法明确规定了未成年人不构成一般累犯,并通过司法解释进一步明确了“犯前罪时不满18周岁”即可排除累犯的适用,充分体现了刑法对于未成年人这一特殊群体的特别保护。未成年人累犯制度的立法依据在于对未成年人特别保护的价值选择,而在未成年人不具有人身危险性方面缺乏理论依据。这一规定虽已在刑法规范层面得以确立,但在当下未成年人恶性犯罪不断出现、犯罪低龄化趋势明显,以及未成年人再犯数量较多的情形下,有必要在保护与惩罚之间作出权衡,进而在未成年人累犯制度的应然层面展开思考。对于未成年人累犯制度应当以累犯的排除适用为原则,例外适用为补充。合理构建未成年人累犯例外适用条件是我国未成年人累犯制度重构的关键,未成年人累犯例外适用条件可以在未成年人人身危险性质与量的二维体系下予以具体构建。China’s criminal law stipulates that juvenile do not constitute general recidivism,and further defines the application of excluding recidivism by“being under the age of 18 when committing a pre crime”through judicial interpretation,which fully reflects the special protection of the criminal law for this special group of juveniles.The legislative basis of juvenile recidivism system lies in the value choice of special protection for juveniles,but there is no theoretical basis for juveniles not having personal danger.Although this provision has been established at the level of criminal law norms,it is necessary to make a balance between protection and punishment again under the current situation of the continuous emergence of juvenile vicious crimes,the obvious trend of low-age crime,and the large number of juvenile recidivism,so as to think about the necessary level of juvenile recidivism system.For the juvenile recidivism system,we should hold the attitude of“excluding application as the principle and exceptional application as the supplement”.Reasonable construction of the exceptional application conditions of juvenile recidivism is the key to the reconstruction of juvenile recidivism system in China.The exceptional application conditions of juvenile recidivism can be constructed from the two-dimensional system of the nature and quantity of personal danger.

关 键 词：未成年人 累犯 人身危险性 社会调查制度 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]