食葵氮磷钾肥对产量相关性状的影响及经济效益分析  

Effects of N,P and K Fertilizers on Yield Related Traits and Economic Benefits of Confectionary Sunflower

作　　者：白苇 胡杨 李峰 张宝英 崔金丽 杨素梅 BAI Wei;HU Yang;LI Feng;ZHANG Baoying;CUI Jinli;YANG Sumei(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第26期62-68,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14-2-02)。

摘　　要：为研究氮、磷、钾肥对食葵产量及产量相关性状的影响,寻求最佳施肥量与经济效益之间的平衡点,采用“3414”设计通过3年田间试验,建立了氮、磷、钾肥与产量及产量相关性状的效应函数,结果显示:3种肥料对食葵产量影响排序为钾>氮>磷,对百粒重和单盘粒重影响排序均为钾>磷>氮,氮、磷、钾肥对产量、百粒重、单盘粒重的单因素效应均呈先升高后下降的趋势。两因素互作中,PK互作的产量最高。最高产量的施肥组合为氮肥61.5 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥35.0 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥50.1 kg/hm^(2)、产量2309.0 kg/hm^(2),产投比13.8;最经济产量的施肥组合为氮肥57.5 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥34.9 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥47.9 kg/hm^(2)、产量2307.8 kg/hm^(2),产投比14.3。最经济产量施肥量较少,肥料成本低,产值低,收入高,产投比高。To study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and yield related traits of confectionary sunflower,and to find the balance between the optimal fertilizer application rate and economic benefits,the 3414 design was used for 3 years to establish the effect functions of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and related traits.The results showed that the effect order of the three fertilizers on sunflower yield was potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus.The effect order on 100-seed weight and single disk seed weight was potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen.All the single-factor effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield,100-seed weight and single disk seed weight showed a trend of first increase and then decrease.Among the interaction effects of two factors,phosphorus-potassium interaction produced the highest yield.Fertilizer combination for the highest yield was nitrogen 61.5 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus 35.0 kg/hm^(2) and potassium 50.1 kg/hm^(2),the yield was 2309.0 kg/hm^(2),and the ratio of production to investment was 13.8.The fertilizer combination for the most economic yield was nitrogen 57.5 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus 34.9 kg/hm^(2),potassium 47.9 kg/hm^(2),the yield was 2307.8 kg/hm^(2),and the ratio of production to investment was 14.3.The most economic yield is with less fertilizer,low fertilizer cost,low output value,high income,and high production to investment ratio.

关 键 词：食葵 氮磷钾肥 3414设计 产量相关性状 互作效应 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]