秸秆覆盖深松对夏玉米田土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching and Subsoiling on Soil Enzyme Activities in Summer Maize Field

作　　者：郭书亚 尚赏 王坤 汤其宁 张艳 付国占[3] 卢广远 GUO Shuya;SHANG Shang;WANG Kun;TANG Qining;ZHANG Yan;FU Guozhan;LU Guangyuan(Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu,Henan 476000;Beijing Lintron Seed Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100018;Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471003)

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000 [2]北京联创种业有限公司,北京100018 [3]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第25期96-101,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑粮食丰产工程项目“豫南雨养区小麦玉米两熟丰产高效技术集成研究与示范”(2006BAD02A07-3);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“河南省玉米产业技术体系-商丘综合试验站”(Z2010-02-02)。

摘　　要：探讨秸秆覆盖深松对夏玉米田土壤酶活性的影响。采用4种保护性耕作模式(SS+M、SS+NM、NT+M、NT+NM)在河南西平进行连续3年田间试验,研究不同处理对土壤脲酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤蔗糖酶、土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,4种保护性耕作方式下土壤脲酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤蔗糖酶、土壤过氧化氢酶活性均随着土层的加深而降低。4种酶的活性随着玉米生育期的变化而变化,即随着玉米生育时期的推进,土壤酶活性从播种到花后45天先升高后下降,土壤脲酶和土壤蔗糖酶活性在开花期达到最大值,而土壤碱性磷酸酶和土壤过氧化氢酶活性在花后15天达到最大值。在0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层,秸秆覆盖处理下土壤酶活性显著高于不覆盖处理,SS+M>NT+M>SS+NM>NT+NM;在10~20 cm土层,NT+M处理下土壤酶活性急剧下降;在20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层,在大多数时期深松处理下土壤酶活性显著高于免耕处理,SS+M>SS+NM>NT+M>NT+NM。在豫南雨养区实施秸秆覆盖深松能够提高土壤的酶活性,值得推广。The effect of straw mulching and subsoiling on soil enzyme activities in summer maize field was studied.Four conservation tillage modes,including subsoiling and mulching(SS+M),subsoiling and no mulching(SS+NM),no tillage and mulching(NT+M),and no tillage and no mulching(NT+NM),were used to carry out field experiments in Xiping of Henan Province for three consecutive years.The effects of different treatments on the activities of soil urease,soil alkaline phosphatase,soil sucrase and soil catalase were studied.The results showed that the activities of soil urease,soil alkaline phosphatase,soil sucrase and soil catalase decreased with the deepening of soil layer under the four conservation tillage modes.The activities of the four enzymes changed with the change of maize growth period.With the advance of maize growth period,the activities of soil enzymes first increased and then decreased from sowing to 45 days after flowering,the activities of soil urease and soil sucrase reached the maximum at flowering,while the activities of soil alkaline phosphatase and soil catalase reached the maximum at 15 days after flowering.In 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers,the soil enzyme activities under straw mulching was significantly higher than that without straw mulching,which were in an order of SS+M>NT+M>SS+NM>NT+NM.In 10-20 cm soil layer,soil enzyme activity decreased sharply under NT+M treatment.In 10-20 cm soil layer,soil enzyme activities decreased dramatically under NT+M.In 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layers,the soil enzyme activities of subsoiling treatment was significantly higher than that of no tillage in most periods,which were in an order of SS+M>SS+NM>NT+M>NT+NM.It can be seen that the implementation of straw mulching and subsoiling in the rain fed area of southern Henan could improve soil enzyme activities,which are worthy of popularization.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖深松 土壤脲酶 土壤蔗糖酶 土壤碱性磷酸酶 土壤过氧化氢酶 

分 类 号：S341.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]