秸秆还田及添加生物炭对黑土玉米生长季N_(2)O排放的影响  

The Response of N_(2)O Emissions to Straw Returning and Biochar Addition During Maize Growing Season in Mollisol

作　　者：张楠[1] 潘仕球 乔云发[1] 朱保国 苗淑杰[1] ZHANG Nan;PAN Shiqiu;QIAO Yunfa;ZHU Baoguo;MIAO Shujie(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi,Heilongjiang 154002)

机构地区：[1]应用气象学院南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]黑龙江省农科院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第27期79-85,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“东北平原风沙土区旱地合理耕层构建技术指标及集成示范”(201503116-03);南京信息工程大学引进人才项目(2015r020)。

摘　　要：为比较秸秆还田与添加生物炭对黑土氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放的影响,基于中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站建立的定位田间试验,设单施化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田配施化肥(NPK+SR)、生物炭配施化肥(NPK+BC)3个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定黑土区玉米生长季N_(2)O排放通量。在试验进行的第3年,采集生长季土壤排放的气体,测定N_(2)O排放通量。结果表明:较单施化肥相比,NPK+SR处理N_(2)O累积排放量增加了83.1%,而NPK+BC处理降低了32.4%。尽管土壤N_(2)O排放通量与土壤温度的相关系数因不同处理而存在差异,但各处理均表现出显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。而土壤含水量与N_(2)O排放通量未呈现相关关系(P>0.05)。与单施化肥处理相比,秸秆还田和添加生物炭后玉米总产量增加了12.0%和34.3%。由此可见,玉米秸秆制成生物炭还田既增加玉米产量,又达到N_(2)O减排的目的,在本试验条件下,生物炭是玉米秸秆还田的有效方式。Based on the long-term field positioning test established in Hailun Agroecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences,a field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of straw returning and biochar addition on N_(2)O emission flux during maize growing season in mollisol using static chamber and gas chromatography.Three treatments were designed in this experiment:chemical fertilizer(NPK),straw returning with chemical fertilizer(NPK+SR)and biochar with chemical fertilizer(NPK+BC).In the third year of the study,the emissions from soil during the maize growing season were collected and the N_(2)O emission flux was measured.The results showed that the cumulative N_(2)O emission increased by 83.1%under NPK+SR treatment and decreased by 32.4%under NPK+BC compared with that under NPK.Although the correlation coefficient between soil temperature and N_(2)O emission flux changed with the treatments,there were significantly positive correlations between them across the treatments(P<0.05).In addition,there was no correlation between soil moisture and N_(2)O emission across the treatments(P>0.05).Compared with NPK treatment,straw returning and biochar addition treatments increased maize yield by 12.0%and 34.4%,respectively.Therefore,the biochar from maize straw applied to field could not only increase maize yield,but also decrease N_(2)O emission.Under the conditions of this experiment,biochar is a potential strategy for returning maize straw to field in mollisol region.

关 键 词：黑土 生物炭 秸秆还田 N_(2)O排放 玉米 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]