我国水稻田除草剂同步用药现状与发展趋势  

Current Status and Development Prospects of Rice Planting Synchronized with Herbicides Application in China

作　　者：唐伟 徐红星[2] 董卉 杨永杰 郑承梅 陆永良 TANG Wei;XU Hong-xing;DONG Hui;YANG Yong-jie;ZHENG Cheng-mei;LU Yong-liang(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Zhejiang Plant Protection and Quarantine and Pesticide Management Station,Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州311401 [2]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州310021 [3]浙江省植保检疫与农药管理总站,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《杂草学报》2022年第2期1-5,共5页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划(编号:LGN21C140003);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(编号:2022SNJF003);财政部-农业农村部基本科研业务费项目(编号:CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202124)。

摘　　要：稻田杂草是严重影响水稻产量和稻米品质的有害生物之一,使用化学除草剂是目前最经济有效的杂草防治措施。在水稻集约化、规模化种植不断加快和农村劳动力缺失的背景下,水稻种植与土壤封闭施药防除杂草2项高强度劳动在时间上交叉重叠的矛盾日益加剧。水稻田除草剂同步用药技术是在水稻插秧或直播的同时通过机械化同步施用除草剂,具有高效、节本、省工等优点。本文对水稻田同步用药技术中专用除草剂及其用药技术、配套插秧机或直播机的同步喷药装置的研发、同步使用新药剂和新剂型等方面进行了系统介绍,总结了几种水稻田除草剂同步用药方法的特色和优缺点。提出喷药装置搭载高效无线传感技术、选取安全高效除草剂及新剂型的同步用药技术是未来水稻田杂草同步精准防控的必然趋势。Weed is one of the plant pests affecting rice yield and rice quality seriously,and application of chemical herbicide is the most effective and economical method for weed control.In the context of the accelerating pace of rice intensive and extensive planting and the lack of rural labor force,the contradiction between the two high-intensity labors,rice planting and applying pre-emergence herbicides to control weed,is an increasingly intensified overlap in time.Rice planting synchronized with herbicides application technology is that the synchronous herbicides is applied by mechanization at the same time as rice is planted or direct seeded.The new weed control technology has the advantages of high efficiency,cost-saving,labor-saving and so on.This paper systematically introduced the special herbicides and their synchronous application technology in the rice plant,the research and development of synchronous spraying devices supporting rice transplanters or direct broadcast machines,and the new ingredients and dosage forms of synchronous herbicides.The particulars and advantages and disadvantages of several rice planting with synchronous herbicides application methods were summarized.It was pointed out that spraying device equipped with high-efficiency wireless sensor,synchronous application of choosing effective herbicides and new formulation will be the inevitable trend of rice planting synchronous with herbicides application technology to control weed precisely in the future.

关 键 词：同步用药 水稻 杂草防控技术 发展趋势 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]