铁核桃凋落物对我国南方常见杂草的抑制效果  

Inhibition of Juglans sigillata Dode Litter on Weeds in South China

作　　者：张鸿志 马红叶 张文娥[1] 潘学军[1] ZHANG Hong-zhi;MA Hong-ye;ZHANG Wen-e;PAN Xue-jun(Guizhou University/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Corps,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Horticultural Research,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学/贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《杂草学报》2022年第2期50-59,共10页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：贵州省林业科研课题(编号:黔林科合[2021]07号);国家自然科学基金(编号:32060673);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(编号:黔科合人才[2016]4038号)。

摘　　要：为明确铁核桃凋落物对我国南方常见杂草的防治效果。以铁核桃凋落物(铁核桃叶和青皮)及天然土壤种子库为材料,探索铁核桃凋落物分解对天然种子库中杂草的种类及生物量的影响。对照共出现13科23种植物,1∶100处理共有16科22种植物,3∶100处理共有13科20种植物,5∶100处理共发现13科20种植物,10∶100处理共有12科17种植物,表明铁核桃凋落物降低了物种丰富程度。对南方常见的12种杂草抑制效果的进一步研究发现,高比例的铁核桃凋落物处理对苦苣菜、叉分蓼、萹蓄、繁缕、酢浆草、马齿苋均有显著抑制效果,显著降低了它们的相对频度、相对密度、相对盖度以及重要值;但对酸模、泽漆、细风轮菜、车前草、早熟禾等5种杂草的抑制效果较差,同时杂草的H′、J_(sw)、干重和鲜重均随凋落物添加量的增加而增大;其中3∶100、5∶100处理的物种相似性系数较高,超过了55%。可见铁核桃凋落物可有效抑制部分果园杂草生长,且高比例铁核桃凋落物处理(5∶100和10∶100)的抑制效果更为明显,但部分杂草对于铁核桃凋落物不敏感,因此在铁核桃凋落物防除杂草时需要增加其他无公害绿色除草技术来防控不敏感杂草。The aim of this study was to determine the control effect of Juglans sigillata litter on common weeds in southern China.J.sigillata litter(leaves and green husk of J.sigillata)and soil natural seed bank were used as materials to study the effect of J.sigillata litter decomposition on weed species and biomass.The results showed that there were 23 species in 14 families in control,22 species in 16 families in 1∶100 treatment,20 species in 13 families in 3∶100 treatment,21 species in 14 families in 5∶100 treatment,and 17 species in 12 families in 10∶100 treatment,indicating that J.sigillata litter to reduced the abundance of species.Moreover,a further study on the inhibition of 12 common weeds in South China was carried out.The effect of high concentration of J.sigillata litter on 7 kinds of weeds,including Sonchus oleraceus L,Polygonum divaricatum L.,Polygonum aviculare L.,Stellaria media(L.)Cyr.,Oxalis corniculata L.,Galium spurium L.,Portulaca oleracea L.,were significantly inhibited.It significantly reduced the relative frequency,relative density,relative coverage and important value.However,the inhibition on Rumex acetosa,Euphorbia helioscopia,Clinopodium gracile,Plantago asiatica and Poa annua was lower.Meanwhile,H′,J_(sw),biomass,dry weight,fresh weight and species similarity of weed community increased as the addition of J.sigillata litter increased.The species similarity coefficient in 3∶100 and 5∶100 treatments were the higher,exceeding 55%.It could be seen that J.sigillata litter could effectively inhibit the growth of weeds in some orchards,and the inhibition of high concentration J.sigillata litter(5∶100 and 10∶100)was more obvious,but some weeds were not sensitive to J.sigillata litter.Therefore,it is necessary to cooperate with other pollution-free green weeding technologies to increase the control of insensitive weeds on the basis of preventing weeds from J.sigillata litter.

关 键 词：铁核桃 凋落物 自然生草 杂草防治 化感作用 

分 类 号：S605.5[农业科学—园艺学]