国外载人航天器回收降落伞包伞技术研究  

Study on Packing Technique of Recovery Parachute in Foreign Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：贾华明[1,2] 刘乃彬 林汝领 王景龙 JIA Huaming;LIU Naibin;LIN Ruling;WANG Jinglong(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent and Landing Technology,CASC,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]中国航天科技集团有限公司航天进入、减速与着陆技术实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2022年第5期690-698,共9页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：国防科技创新特区项目(19-163-03-ZD-011-002-03)。

摘　　要：包伞是降落伞工作前最重要的实施环节,包伞质量决定了回收系统的工作成败。以阿波罗飞船主伞包伞情况为基线,通过区分伞包形状和组成材料,对猎户座飞船和阿波罗飞船的5个降落伞包伞实例进行了分析,通过固态密度对降落伞包伞情况进行了评估,探讨了全芳纶材料降落伞包伞密度极限情况。通过更换降落伞材料和优化收口装置设计,能够降低包伞压力,提高包伞密度,适应火工弹射的要求,因此采用芳纶等密度较大的织物材料和采用织物收口环是提高包伞技术的有效手段。Packing is the most important process before parachute working and the quality of packing can determine the success or failure of the recovery system.Taking the Apollo main parachute as the baseline,five parachute packing cases of the Apollo or Orion spacecraft were analyzed including the shape of deployment bags and the material compositions.The state of parachute packing was evalua-ted by solid density and the ultimate packed density of all-Kevlar parachute was discussed.The re-searches showed that by changing the parachute materials and optimizing the design of reefing de-vice,the packing pressure could be reduced,the packing density could be increased,and the re-quirements of pneumatic mortar shot could be met.Therefore,the use of fabric materials with high density such as Kevlar and the use of textile reefing loop are effective means to improve the para-chute packing technique.

关 键 词：阿波罗 猎户座 降落伞 包伞密度 加权平均密度 固态密度 

分 类 号：V445.23[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]