董事第三人责任条文的理解与适用辩难  

Debate on the Understanding and Application of the Provisions on the Third Party Liability Of Directors

作　　者：齐砺杰 QI Lijie

机构地区：[1]深圳大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2022年第5期205-219,共15页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：《公司法(修订草案)》征求意见稿在公司治理问题上,引人注目地增加了“董事第三人责任”和“影子董事责任”条款。虽然规定的都是某种连带性责任,但来源上有侵权行为与信义义务责任之差别。本文放弃了一般性讨论草案条文好坏的传统进路,而选择将其带入某具体适用场景,即世界银行BEE“宜商环境”新评估体系中即将增加的两项董事责任指标中进行考察。无论从及时申请破产还是破产环保责任的角度,征求意见稿第190条因其连带责任之规定,都不宜用于小微企业破产案件中(不宜用于未来的破产简易程序)。而该稿第191条则要进行修改,不仅应包含公司正常情况下的信义义务规定,还应包含公司资不抵债情况下的侵权责任规定,以体现其与第190条的逻辑同一性和董事-影子董事的责任同一性,即都作为《民法典》第1168条共同侵权规则之下位法,而不同于一般公司组织法上的替代责任(公司吸收其雇员行为的责任)侵权规则。On the issue of corporate governance,the exposure draft of the revised draft of the Company Law has noticeably added the provisions of “the third party liability of directors” and “shadow director responsibility”.Although all the provisions are about joint and several liability,there are differences between duties from tort and or from fiduciary liability in terms of source.This paper abandons the traditional approach of general discussion on the quality of the draft articles,and chooses to bring it into the applicable scenario,which means that the two indicators of director responsibility that will be added in the new evaluation system of the World Bank “Business Enabling Environment”(BEE) will be examined.No matter from the perspective of timely application for bankruptcy or bankruptcy environmental protection liability for bankruptcy,Article 190 of the exposure draft is not suitable for bankruptcy cases of MSMEs (not suitable for future summary bankruptcy procedures) because of the joint and several liabilities stipulated by it.Meanwhile Article 191 of the draft should be amended to include not only the provisions of the company’s fiduciary liability under normal circumstances,but also the provisions of the company’s tort liability under insolvency,so as to reflect its logical identity with Article 190 and the identity of the liability between director’s and shadow director’s,that is,both of them are subordinate to Article 1168 of the Civil Code,which is different from the tort rules of substitute liability (the company’s responsibily to hire its employees) in the general rules of business organization.

关 键 词：董事第三人责任 影子董事 破产 宜商环境 中小微企业 

分 类 号：D922.291[政治法律—经济法学]