日本对外援助中的债务管理问题评析  

A Review of Debt Management Issues in Japan’s Foreign Aid

作　　者：姚锦祥 Yao Jinxiang

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院,北京100005

出　　处：《日本研究》2022年第3期78-87,共10页Japan Studies

基　　金：国家高端智库课题经费资助。

摘　　要：本文旨在分析20世纪90年代以来日本对外援助中债务风险的产生过程、内部争论及对债务管理体制所做的修正。泡沫危机后日本政府财政形势快速恶化,围绕日元贷款形成的债务风险层出不穷,给日本及受援国都造成巨大压力。为此,日本各界就债务问题展开密集讨论,国会、行政机构、经济界、非政府组织等都深度卷入其中。虽然观点各异,但都认同要提升日元贷款效率和透明度,降低不良债权发生率。以财政投融资领域为先导,日本开启了债务管理体制改革,推动预算瘦身及透明化。首先,在债务减免方面,充分利用第三方评估强化决策合理性与中立性;其次,推动日元贷款制度调整,引入外汇偿还制、浮动利率制、与日企“再绑定化”等构想;最后,在传统基建领域推动“由量向质”转型。日元贷款制度的发展历程与中国相关领域有类似之处,日本经验能为中国规避相关风险、做好政策准备提供参考。This articleaims to analyze the debt risk,domestic debates and the amendments to the debt management system in Japan’s foreign aid since 1990s.After the bubble crisis,Japan’s financial situation deteriorated rapidly,and debt risks arising from yen loans continue to emerge,causing great pressure on both Japan and recipient countries.Since then,the debt issue has been intensively discussed in various sectors in Japan,with the Diet,administrative agencies,economic circles,NGOs and others deeply involved.Although views differ,all agreed on the need to improve the efficiency and transparency of yen loans and reduce the incidence of nonperforming debts.Starting with the finance and investment sector,Japan began to reform its debt management system and promote overall budget slimming and transparency.First,Japan makes use of third-party evaluation to strengthen the rationality and neutrality of decision-making on debt relief.Second,Japan has promoted the adjustment of yen loan system,introducing the concept of foreign exchange repayment system,floating interest rate system,and"re-binding"with Japanese enterprises.The history of yen loan system is similar to that of China,which can also provide a reference for China to avoid the related risks and make policy preparations.

关 键 词：官方发展援助 债务管理 日元贷款 

分 类 号：F113.2[经济管理—国际贸易]