不同时期水分胁迫对御旱基因型大豆光合特性的影响  

Effect of water stress in different phases on photosynthetic characteristics of drought-avoidant soybean

作　　者：闫春娟[1] 宋书宏[1] 王昌陵[1] 孙旭刚[1] 曹永强[1] 张立军[1] 张丽[1] 霍晓阳[2] 王文斌[1] YAN Chun-juan;SONG Shu-hong;WANG Chang-ling;SUN Xu-gang;CAO Yong-qiang;ZHANG Li-jun;ZHANG Li;HUO Xiao-yang;WANG Wen-bin(Crop Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenyang 110161,China;R&D Service Center of Shenyang Modern Agriculture,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院作物所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳市现代农业研发服务中心(沈阳市农业科学院),辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第5期1048-1056,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金(2020-MS-047);国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-004-CES11)。

摘　　要：盆栽条件下,以御旱型辽豆14和干旱敏感型辽豆21为研究对象,设置干旱、轻度干旱和适宜水分三个处理,探讨不同生长时期控水条件下,御旱型大豆植株光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性变化的特征和规律,以期揭示御旱基因型大豆抗旱的光合调控机理。结果表明:各个时期控水,土壤水分都显著影响大豆植株的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs);干旱限制了植株的Pn、Tr、Gs、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci),辽豆21的蒸腾速率平均值高于辽豆14。随着土壤含水量的增加,植株Ci浓度逐步提高。土壤干旱条件下的初始荧光(F_(0))值最大,结荚期(R3-R5)控水时F_(0)值最低。干旱胁迫降低了植株的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递效率(ETR)和实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))。同一时期控水,御旱基因型辽豆14的最大荧光产量(Fm)和Fv/Fm高于辽豆21的值。干旱胁迫下,御旱基因型辽豆14能够维持较低的蒸腾速率,较高的Fm和Fv/Fm值,这可能是御旱型辽豆14抗旱的重要原因。Drought is one of the major natural disasters that limit the formation of soybean yield.Application of drought-avoidant varieties is an effective way to alleviate the loss of soybean yield under drought stress.Drought avoidance resistance refers to the ability of plants to maintain high water potential under drought stress.To better understand the mechanism of drought avoidance,two soybean hybrids with contrasting drought avoidance,Liaodou14(drought-avoidant)and Liaodou 21(drought-sensitive)under water stress were evaluated,in order to reveal the photosynthetic regulation mechanism of drought-avoidant genotype soybean.The results showed that water control in each period and soil moisture significantly affected the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and stomatal conductance(Gs)of soybean plants.Drought limited the plant’s Pn,Tr,Gs,and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci).In general,the average Tr of Liaodou 21 was higher than that of Liaodou 14.With the increase in soil water content,the intercellular CO_(2)concentration of plants generally gradually increased.The initial fluorescence(F_(0))value of soil drought(W1)treatment was higher than other water treatments.The F_(0) value was the lowest when the water was controlled at pod stage(R3-R5).Drought stress reduced the maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),electrons transport rate(ETR)and actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ))of plants.When soil moisture was controlled at the same stage,the maximum fluorescence yield(Fm)and Fv/Fm of Liaodou 14 were higher than those of Liaodou 21.On the drought stress condition,Liaodou 14 can maintain a lower transpiration rate and higher Fm and Fv/Fm value than that of Liaodou 21.This could be an important photosynthetic factor for drought-avoidant genotype to resist drought stress.

关 键 词：大豆 水分胁迫 御旱基因型 光合特性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]