陕南地区冬油菜种植体系中的氮肥优化施用量  

Optimal application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in winter rape planting area in southern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：王小军 王春丽[1] 张智[1] 杨建利[1] 高亚军[2,3] WANG Xiao-jun;WANG Chun-li;ZHANG Zhi;YANG Jian-li;GAO Ya-jun(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,China;College of Natural Resource and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第5期1065-1073,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLNY04-04);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200900)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在为陕南地区科学施肥提供依据,于2019-2020年进行了田间试验,以明确该地区甘蓝型冬油菜绿色高效生产的氮肥适宜用量。采用裂区设计,主处理选用当地栽培的早熟品种大地199和常规熟期品种秦优28,副处理是5种施氮量(N_(0)、N_(90)、N_(180)、N_(270)、N_(360))。结果发现:常规熟期品种秦优28在越冬期的氮素营养状况强于早熟品种大地199,收获时地上部干物质积累量和氮素累积量也均高于后者。线性+平台模型分析发现,常规熟期品种秦优28和早熟品种大地199达到最大产量的氮肥投入阈值分别是188.9 kg/hm^(2)和238.1 kg/hm^(2),获得最高产量分别是3774.4 kg/hm^(2)和3678.2 kg/hm^(2)。此外,两种不同熟期的品种产油量均在氮肥投入量为180 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大,分别为1823.4 kg/hm^(2)和1735.1 kg/hm^(2),且两个品种间差异不显著。油菜籽粒中硫苷含量有随着施氮量增加而增加的趋势,在两种施氮条件下,含量均小于国标规定的45.00μmol/g。对于早熟品种大地199和常规成熟品种秦优28来说,当理论上施氮量分别不超过183.6 kg/hm^(2)和188.5 kg/hm^(2)时,与播前土壤根层持有的硝态氮储量(65.4 kg/hm^(2))相比,油菜收获后的土壤根层(0~100 cm)硝态氮储量没有额外的累积。而土壤非根层(100~200 cm)如果没有硝态氮的额外累积,两个品种要求的施氮量分别不超过263.5 kg/hm^(2)(秦优28)和379.7 kg/hm^(2)(大地199)。综上,在陕南地区综合考虑品种、产量、产油量、品质和土壤剖面中残留硝态氮储量等因素,该地区冬油菜绿色高效生产的氮肥适宜用量为180 kg/hm^(2)。To determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for green and efficient production of winter rape in southern Shaanxi,so as to achieve scientific fertilization in this area,field experiment was conducted from 2019-2020 with 2 cultivars and 4 N application rates.Split plot experiment was designed including 2 factors variety(early maturing variety Dadi199,and conventional mature variety Qinyou 28)as the main treatment,and 5N application rates(N_(0),N_(90),N_(180),N_(270),N_(360))as sub-plot treatment.Reults showed that N nutrition status of Qinyou28 was stronger,and the aboveground dry matter accumulation and N accumulation were also higher at harvest Based on the analysis of linear+platform model,N input thresholds of Qinyou 28 and Dadi 199 reached the maximum rates at 188.9 kg/hm^(2)and 238.1 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and the maximum yields were 3774.4 kg/hm^(2)and 3678.2kg/hm^(2),respectively.Their oil production of the 2 varieties at different maturity reached the maximum when at N input as 180 kg/hm^(2),which were 1823.4 kg/hm^(2)and 1735.1 kg/hm^(2)respectively(no significant difference was found between the 2 varieties).The content of glucosinolate in seeds increased with the increase of N application.Under the 4 N application conditions,the glucosinolate content was less than 45.00μmol/g,which was less than the national standard.For the 2 varieties,when N application rate were theoretical less than 183.6 kg/hm^(2)(for Dadi 199)and188.5 kg/hm^(2)(for Qinyou 28)respectively,there would be no additional accumulation of nitrate N reserves in soil root layer(0-100 cm)after planting(compared with 65.4 kg/hm^(2)held in the soil root layer before sowing rape).When there was no additional accumulation of nitrate N in soil non-root layer(100-200 cm),the N application rate required by the varieties would not exceed 263.5 kg/hm^(2)(Qinyou 28)and 379.7 kg/hm^(2)(Dadi 199),respectively.In summary,considering the influencing factors as variety,yield,oil production,quality and residual nitrate N reserves in soil p

关 键 词：冬油菜 施氮量 硝态氮积累 根区 品质 产油量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]