外资引进与中国企业出口产品多样性消失  

FDI and Disappearance of China s Enterprises Export Diversity

作　　者：张鹏杨 李雪[1] 李柔 ZHANG Pengyang;LI Xue;LI Rou(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Economics,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124 [2]广西民族大学经济学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《南京财经大学学报》2022年第5期98-108,共11页Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“北京市FDI对企业全球价值链升级的‘天花板’效应研究”(18YJC028);国家社会科学基金重大项目“构筑互利共赢的产业链供应链合作体系研究”(21ZDA095);国家自然科学基金面上项目“全球生产网络下贸易保护政策实施的协同性研究:成因、效果与治理”(72273009);国家自然科学基金青年项目“价值链视角下进口对工资影响的测度、机制检验及政策模拟研究”(71903043)。

摘　　要：伴随着外商直接投资(FDI)在中国的快速增长,中国本土企业出口产品多样性却鲜有上升。利用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据与海关数据,以企业自主创新为切入点,探究了FDI对企业出口产品多样性的影响。研究发现:FDI的后向关联溢出即外资企业使用上游本土企业中间品是造成中国本土企业出口产品多样性“消失”的重要原因,这一结果在考虑内生性和使用多重稳健性检验下均成立;FDI的后向关联溢出对企业创新的影响具有“天花板”效应,长期来看甚至对企业创新具有消极影响,原因是长期的FDI后向关联溢出强化了中国企业对外资的依赖性,进而减少了中国企业的自主创新动力;FDI的后向关联所带来的“创新抑制”效应是中国企业出口产品多样性“失踪”的重要原因。研究对于启发中国在利用外资的同时加强企业自主创新及提升出口产品多样性具有重要意义。With the rapid growth of foreign direct investment(FDI)in China,the diversity of export products of China s enterprises rarely rises.Based on the data of China s industrial enterprises and customs from 2000 to 2013,this paper explores the impact of FDI on the export product diversity of enterprises from the perspective of independent innovation of enterprises.It has found that the backward correlation spillover of FDI,that is,the use of upstream local intermediate products by FDI enterprises,is an important reason for the“disappearance”of the export product diversity of local enterprises,and this result is valid under the consideration of endogeneity and multiple robustness tests.The influence of FDI forward and backward linkage spillover on enterprise innovation has a“ceiling”effect,and even has a negative impact on enterprise innovation in the long run,because the long-term FDI forward and backward linkage spillover strengthens the dependence of China s enterprises on foreign capital,and then reduces the independent innovation motivation of China s enterprises.The“innovation inhibition”effect brought by the backward correlation of FDI is an important reason for“disappearance”of the export product diversity of China s enterprises.This study is of great significance to inspire China s enterprises to enhance the diversity of export products through independent innovation.

关 键 词：FDI 出口产品多样性 前后向关联溢出 “创新抑制”效应 “天花板”效应 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]