绿氢领域电解水制氢聚合物膜材料研究进展及发展建议  

Polymeric membrane materials for green hydrogen production by water electrolysis:Progress and suggestions for future development

作　　者：李丹枫 褚晓萌 刘磊 Danfeng Li;Xiaomeng Chu;Lei Liu(School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Chemical&Pharmaceutical Engineering,Hebei University of Science&Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [2]河北科技大学化学与制药工程学院,石家庄050018 [3]安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第27期3282-3295,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21975002);安徽省重点研究和开发计划(2022a05020047)资助。

摘　　要：绿色氢能是可再生能源电力系统结合电解水技术制取的氢气,是实现零碳排放目标的完美解决方案.以膜材料为关键组件的电解水制氢技术是其中关键的一环,是制取低成本绿氢的最佳路径,涉及质子交换膜、阴离子交换膜及离子溶剂膜的应用.本文阐述了用于电解水制氢技术聚合物膜的研究进展.首先,对聚合物的结构和膜的性能以及器件应用的性能进行对比分析(结构与性能的关系).进一步,通过对质子交换膜、阴离子交换膜、离子溶剂膜的发展现状、技术优劣势分析,总结出这几种技术路径各自的技术瓶颈及未来发展趋势.最后,提出如何通过政策层面,引导、激励各技术路径平行、竞争发展,从而实现绿氢领域中电解水制氢的大规模商业化应用.Green hydrogen has gained much interest due to its low cost,sustainability,and environmental friendliness,especially when combined with water electrolysis technology powered by renewable energy resources.It has been recognized as one of the perfect solutions to achieve the goal of near-zero carbon emissions.According to the type of materials used to separate the anode and cathode and the ionic species it conduct,the electrolyzers can be divided into several categories,i.e.,alkaline water electrolyzer(AWE)that involve the use of liquid electrolyte,proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE),solid oxide electrolyzer(SOE),and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE).As the key component in different water electrolysis technologies,polymeric membrane materials,including proton exchange membrane(PEM),anion exchange membrane(AEM),and ion-solvating membranes(ISM),are of great importance,which serve as the ionic conductor and gas separator.Thus,the efficiency and durability of water electrolyzers are mainly determined by the properties of membranes,such as ionic conductivity,chemical stability,and mechanical properties.However,these unfavorable performance parameters of membranes still limited the worldwide commercialization of water electrolysis for the production of green hydrogen.In a typical AWE,a porous diaphragm made of asbestos or composite ceramic(or asbestos)/polymer materials(Zirfon,a state-of-the-art diaphragm)is used to separate the gas product and transport hydroxide ions.Although the mature AWEtechnology shows higher durability,low capital cost,and high compatibility with non-noble metal catalysts,they operate at low current densities lying between 0.3-0.4 A cm,owning to the high ionic resistance and high gas permeation of the non-ionic separator membranes.The replacement of porous diaphragm with ionic polymeric membranes,such as PEM,AEM,and ISM based on polybenzimidazoles have attracted increasing attention in water electrolysers,due to their effectiveness of ion transport and gas tightness

关 键 词：绿色氢能 电解水制氢 电解槽 聚合物电解质膜 稳定性 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]