危机中的特使外交:抗战时期纳尔逊使团对华经济调查  

Using the Special Envoy in Crisis: The Nelson Mission’s Economic Survey of China During WWⅡ

作　　者：贾钦涵 皇甫秋实[2] Jia Qinhan;Huangfu Qiushi(Department of History,School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;History Department,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院历史系,上海200240 [2]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期119-129,共11页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“抗战时期美国驻华武官处情报活动研究(1931—1945)”(项目批准号:18CZS029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1944年9月美国总统特使纳尔逊访华之际,正值中美关系陷入危机的关键时刻,纳尔逊使团通过开展对华调查,试图从经济层面入手化解两国之间日趋激化的矛盾。在白宫方面的支持下,纳尔逊使团得以直接向国民政府索取诸多机密信息,并与美国驻华机构互通情报。纳尔逊使团在短期内即完成对华经济情报的搜集任务,并据此向两国政府拟具针对性的建议,为维持中美战时同盟关系提供方案。纳尔逊使团在中国的经济调查活动,反映了罗斯福总统“特使外交”的特色,同时折射出美国当局海外情报领域特使和常使之间竞争与合作共存的微妙关系。初次访华期间,纳尔逊与蒋介石确认了中美战后经济合作意向,这是缓解二战后期两国紧张关系的重要政治基础,但围绕如何开展战后重建等核心议题,纳尔逊使团未能促成任何具体协议,此阶段中美之间的谈判与互动反而暴露出双方存在重大的战略分歧。When Sino-US relations fell into a critical moment of crisis, Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Donald M. Nelson as special presidential envoy to Chungking in September 1944, trying to resolve the escalating tensions between the two countries from the economic level by conducting investigations into China. With supports of the White House, it was possible for the Nelson Mission to obtain classified data from the Nationalist Government and exchange intelligence with the American agencies in China. On the basis of collecting economic intelligence on China in a short period of time, the Nelson Mission formulated recommendations to the two governments with the purpose to maintain the wartime alliance. The economic investigation activities of the Nelson Mission in China reflect the characteristics of President Roosevelt’s “envoy diplomacy, ” as well as the delicate relationship among diplomatic channels of special envoy and ambassador in the overseas intelligence field. During his first visit to China, Donald M. Nelson confirmed with Chiang Kai-shek the post-war economic cooperation intention, which constituted the political basis for easing tensions between China and the United States during later phase of World War Ⅱ. However, on core issues such as how to carry out post-war reconstruction in China, the Nelson Mission failed to reach any agreement, while the major strategic differences were revealed from the complex negotiations between the two sides.

关 键 词：中美关系 经济情报 战时同盟 特使外交 

分 类 号：K712.53[历史地理—历史学] K265[历史地理—世界史] F125[经济管理—世界经济] F171.2