苏联经济发展史简论与启示:从十月革命前到列宁时期  

A Brief Comment on the History of Soviet Economic Development and Its Inspiration:From the Period before the October Revolution to Lenin’s Period

作　　者：陆南泉[1] LU Nanquan(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100732

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2022年第4期88-101,115,共15页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：十月革命前,俄国经济带有浓厚的封建色彩、垄断与集中程度高、对外国资本依赖程度高、发展水平较低,远远落后于其他资本主义国家。十月革命后,苏维埃政府对俄国经济实行了最初的改造,巩固了新生政权,奠定了社会主义经济基础。从1918年夏到1920年,面对外国武装干涉与国内战争的严重威胁,苏维埃政府不得不实行特殊的军事共产主义政策。为了应对因实行军事共产主义政策而产生的严重经济与政治危机,在列宁的推动下,苏维埃政府于1921年开始实行以发展商品货币关系为实质的新经济政策。国民经济的迅速恢复和发展表明,新经济政策是符合经济社会发展规律的,是向社会主义过渡的正确之道。Before the October Revolution, the Russian economy had a strong feudal color with a high degree of monopoly, concentration and dependence on foreign capital but a low level of development far behind the other capitalist countries. After the October Revolution, the Soviet government carried out the initial transformation of Russian economy, consolidated the new regime and laid the socialist economic foundation. From the summer of 1918 to 1920, facing the serious threat of foreign military intervention and civil war, the Soviet government had to implement a special military communist policy. In order to deal with the serious economic and political crises caused by the implementation of this policy, under the promotion of Lenin, the Soviet government began to execute the new economic policy with the development of commodity-currency relationship as the essence in 1921. The rapid recovery and development of national economy indicate that the new economic policy, being in line with the law of economic and social development, is the right way of transition to socialism.

关 键 词：俄国经济 经济改造 军事共产主义 新经济政策 

分 类 号：F151.2[经济管理—世界经济]