国产M50J级碳纤维/铝基复合材料的微观特征及拉伸性能研究  

Investigation on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Domestic M50J Carbon Fiber/Aluminum Matrix Composites

作　　者：李阳 蔡长春 余欢 徐志锋 王振军 张永刚 钱鑫 钟俊俊 LI Yang;CAI Changchun;YU Huan;XU Zhifeng;WANG Zhenjun;ZHANG Yonggang;QIAN Xin;ZHONG Junjun(National Defense Key Discipline Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;National Engineering Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Preparation Technology,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学轻合金加工科学与技术国防重点学科实验室,南昌330063 [2]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所碳纤维制备技术国家工程实验室,浙江宁波315201

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第21期126-131,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51765045);江西省自然科学基金(20202ACBL204010);航空科学基金(2019ZF056013)。

摘　　要：聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维因具有高强高模的特性而在众多领域被广泛使用。近年来,我国高性能碳纤维的制备技术取得了较大突破,为促进国产高性能碳纤维在铝基复合材料领域的实际工程应用,本工作以国内研制的M50J碳纤维为增强体材料,选用ZL301为基体合金,采用真空压力浸渗法制备了纤维体积分数为45%的单向连续M50J/Al复合材料。研究了该工艺条件下M50J/Al复合材料的微观组织和界面反应程度及其在室温、350℃下的拉伸性能。结果表明:M50J/Al复合材料的平均致密度为98.86%,碳纤维在复合材料中的分布较为均匀,在基体合金中未发现明显的缩孔缩松现象,复合材料主要由C、Al以及少量Al_(3)Mg_(2)和Al_(4)C_(3)相组成,M50J与ZL301基体在界面处出现反应产物,应为脆性离子碳化物Al_(4)C_(3),其尺寸较小,呈细杆状;复合材料在室温及350℃下的平均拉伸强度分别为856 MPa和774.7 MPa,平均拉伸模量分别为204.3 GPa和197.3 GPa,从复合材料中萃取出的M50J碳纤维单丝的平均拉伸强度和模量分别为3280 MPa、447 GPa,与铝合金复合后纤维丝强度发生一定程度的下降,界面结合和微观缺陷是影响复合材料拉伸性能的主要因素。Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fiber is widely used in many engineering fields owingto its high strength and high modulus.In recent years,great breakthroughs have been made in the preparation technology of high-modulus carbon fibers in China.In order to promote the application of high-modulus carbon fiber in aluminum matrix composites,in this paper,domestic carbon fiber M50J(volume fraction of 45%)was used to fabricate unidirectional M50J/Al composites by using vacuum pressure infiltration method.The microstructure,interfacial reaction of M50J/Al composites were investigated,and uniaxial tensile testing was carried out to test its mechanical properties at room and elevated temperature(350℃).The results show that the average relative density of the composite is 98.86%.The arrangement of M50J carbon fiber is homogenous and the cross-section of fiber is regularly circular.No microscopic shrinkage cavity or porosity was found in the matrix alloy.The composites are mainly composed of C,Al,and a small amount of Al_(3)Mg_(2) and Al_(4)C_(3) phases.The reaction product appears at the interface between M50J and ZL301 matrix,which was identified as brittle ionic carbide Al_(4)C_(3) phase,which exhibits a gracile rod shape with small size.At room temperature,the average tensile strength and modulus of the composites are 856 MPa and 204.3 GPa.At the elevated temperature(350℃),the average tensile strength and modulus are 774.7 MPa and 197.3 GPa,respectively.The average tensile strength and modulus of M50J carbon fiber that extracted from the composite are 3280 MPa and 447 GPa,respectively.Compared with the original carbon fiber,the fiber strength and modulus in composites decreases slightly.The interface bonding and micro defects are the main factors that influence the tensile properties of the composite.

关 键 词：国产碳纤维 C_(f)/Al复合材料 拉伸性能 微观组织 真空压力浸渗 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]