脉冲电流在镁合金加工中的应用进展  

Application Progress of Pulsed Electric Current in Magnesium Alloy Processing

作　　者：徐志超 吴涛 郭学锋[1,2] 杨文朋 樊建峰[3] 肖思宇 XU Zhichao;WU Tao;GUO Xuefeng;YANG Wenpeng;FAN Jianfeng;XIAO Siyu(Department of Material Science&Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,Henan,China;International Laboratory of High Performance Light Metal Materials and Numerical Simulation of Henan,Jiaozuo 454003,Henan,China;Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials,Ministry of Education,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,河南焦作454003 [2]河南省高性能轻金属材料及其数值模拟国际联合实验室,河南焦作454003 [3]新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室,太原030024

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第21期167-176,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52103290);河南省自然科学基金青年基金(212300410148);河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102210439);新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室开放基金(KLISEAM201901);河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(NSFRF210333);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划(2020XQG-16);河南理工大学自然科学基金(B2019-42)。

摘　　要：镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料,具有比重轻、比强度高、电磁屏蔽性能好、抗震性好、易加工、可回收利用以及生物相容性和可降解性良好等特点,在数码、交通和生物医用领域有广泛的应用前景。然而,镁的晶体结构为密排六方结构,在室温下可启动的滑移系少,塑性变形能力较差,这成为限制其广泛应用的主要原因。近年来,关于改善合金加工性能的研究已经广泛开展。研究较多的是通过对塑性加工工艺进行优化来提高合金的成形以及综合力学性能,如大塑性变形、半固态加工、电辅助成形等。其中,电辅助成形是利用电塑性效应,提高合金在加工过程中的塑性,降低变形抗力,同时还能有效节约能源,是实现难变形材料精准成形、提高材料综合性能的绿色加工技术。本文对脉冲电流在镁合金加工中的应用进行了综述,系统探讨了当前变形镁合金的加工方法与力学性能,分析了当前制约变形镁合金发展的因素,重点讨论了电塑性效应的研究现状,总结了国内外电塑性效应在镁合金加工中的研究现状,举例说明了脉冲电流在镁合金轧制、冲压等工艺中的应用。最后,从电塑性效应、止裂效应、极性效应三方面出发,重点综述了脉冲电流在金属塑性加工中的微观作用机理,并对脉冲电流在镁合金中的加工应用前景进行了展望。Magnesium alloy is one of the lightest materials exhibiting a low density,high specific strength,good electromagnetic shielding performance,good seismic resistance,easy processing,recyclability,and good biocompatibility and degradability.They have wide application prospects in digital,transportation and biomedical fields.However,magnesium alloys have dense row hexagonal structures with a few initiable slip systems at room temperature and poor plastic deformability,which is the main reason for the limitation on wide applications.Several processing strategies have been recently investigated to improve the engineering applicability of magnesium alloys.Mechanical properties of the alloys have been enhanced via optimization of plastic processing,such as large plastic deformation,semi-solid state processing and electro-assisted forming.Through the electro-plastic effect,electro-assisted forming can improve the alloys’plasticity,reduce the deformation resistance during processing and save energy.It is a green processing technology that provides precise forming of materials which is difficult to deform and improves their comprehensive performance.This paper introduces pulsed electric current in magnesium alloy processing,systematically discusses existing processing methods and mechanical properties of deformed magnesium alloys,and analyzes current factors that restrict the development of deformed magnesium alloys.Besides,we focus on the research progress of theelectro-plastic effect,summarize existing research on the electro-plastic effect in magnesium alloy processing at a global level,and give examples to illustrate the application of pulsed electric current in magnesium alloy rolling and punching.The underlying microscopic action mechanism of pulsed electric current in the processing of metal plasticity is reviewed from three aspects:electro-plastic effect,anti-cracking effect and polarity effect.Finally,we provide further perspectives on the application of pulsed electric current in magnesium alloy processing.

关 键 词：镁合金 电塑性效应 塑性加工 极性效应 止裂效应 

分 类 号：TG391.1[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]