低温等离子体改性技术制备功能材料的研究进展  

Research Progress in the Preparation of Functional Materials by Low Temperature Plasma Modification Technology

作　　者：吴建飞 袁红梅 夏林敏 赵红艳 林金国[1] 李吉庆[1] WU Jianfei;YUAN Hongmei;XIA Linmin;ZHAO Hongyan;LIN Jinguo;LI Jiqing(School of Materials Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350100,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410018,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福州350100 [2]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410018

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第21期220-228,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：福建省科技计划星火项目(2018S0038,2018S0026);福建省发展和改革委员会项目(K1515863A) 。

摘　　要：低温等离子体改性技术是一种常用的材料改性手段,它是通过电离气体产生大量的带能粒子和各种形式的光辐射作用于材料表面,从而提高材料的疏水性、阻燃性和抗菌性等性能,达到制备具有一种或多种特定功能材料的目的。低温等离子体改性技术在材料改性中备受青睐得益于四大优势:(1)反应环境所需温度低;(2)处理效率高;(3)适用范围广;(4)不会破坏材料本身的性质。近年来,低温等离子体改性技术在生物质材料、高分子材料、金属材料等领域都有广泛的应用,其在生物质材料领域的研究尤为活跃,经低温等离子体表面处理制备的超疏水性、阻燃性等功能材料被大量报道。在高分子材料领域,低温等离子体改性法常被用于制备超疏水性塑料薄膜材料、医用抗菌性口罩、防污无纺布等。通过低温等离子体化学气相沉积法沉积后的金属具有耐腐蚀、耐磨的作用。此外,低温等离子体改性技术还在三废处理、半导体材料、电子产品、电子电路、超导材料等领域获得丰硕的研究成果。一直以来科学家对低温等离子体改性技术的应用研究远多于机理研究,这限制了其在材料改性中的发展,然而,研究低温等离子体对不同材料的作用机理对于制备所需功能材料具有指导性意义。实际上,等离子体在材料表面会发生解吸、掺杂、刻蚀、溅射和交联、表面接枝、界面聚合等一系列的物理化学反应,具体发生了何种反应与等离子体种类、材料类型、放电方式、工艺参数等密切相关。根据不同的作用机理对低温等离子体改性技术进行归类,有利于精准制备所需的功能材料。本文综述了三种不同的低温等离子体改性方法:(1)低温等离子体表面处理法;(2)低温等离子体化学气相沉积法;(3)低温等离子体接枝聚合法。结合不同材料的性质和不同的改性机理,概述了低温等离子体�Low-temperature plasma modification technology is a commonly used material modification method. It generates a large number of energetic particles and various forms of light radiation through ionized gas to act on the surface of the material, thereby improving the hydrophobicity,flame retardancy and antibacterial properties, to achieve the purpose of preparing materials with one or more specific functions. Low-temperature plasma modification technology is favored in material modification thanks to four major advantages: (Ⅰ) low temperature required for the reaction environment, (Ⅱ) high processing efficiency, (Ⅲ) wide application range, (Ⅳ) the undamaged nature of the material itself. In recent years, low-temperature plasma modification technology has been widely used in biomass materials, polymer materials, metal materials and other fields. Its research in the field of biomass materials is particularly active. The superhydrophobicity prepared by low-temperature plasma surface treatment,flame retardant and other functional materials have harvested widely reported. In the field of polymer materials, the lowtemperature plasma modification method is often used to prepare super-hydrophobic plastic film materials, medical antibacterial masks, and antifouling non-woven fabrics. The metal deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition at low temperature can resist corrosion and wear. In addition, low temperature plasma modification technology have harvested fruitful research achievements in various fields such as the three waste treatment, semiconductor materials, electronic products, electronic circuits, superconducting materials and others. Scientists have always applied far more research on low-temperature plasma modification technology than mechanism research, which limits its development in material modification. However, studying the mechanism of low-temperature plasma on different materials is instructive for the preparation of the required functional materials. In fact, a series of physical and chemical r

关 键 词：低温等离子体改性技术 表面处理法 接枝聚合法 化学气相沉积法 功能材料 

分 类 号：TG156.99[金属学及工艺—热处理]