杨木浸渍改性及在家具应用中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Poplar Impregnation Modification and Its Application in Furniture

作　　者：毕小茜 张源 李萍[1] 吴义强[1] 袁光明[1] 左迎峰[1] BI Xiaoqian;ZHANG Yuan;LI Ping;WU Yiqiang;YUAN Guangming;ZUO Yingfeng(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第21期235-245,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：湖湘青年英才计划(2019RS2040);国家自然科学基金(31770606);湖南省科技重大专项(2017NK1010)。

摘　　要：杨木是我国重要的速生林树种之一,具有轮伐周期短、适应能力强、价廉易得等特点,但也存在纤维结构疏松、材质相对较差等不足,难以在家具中得到高值化利用。将杨木浸渍改性以增强其性能,不仅可提高杨木的利用率,而且可解决实木家具用材短缺的问题。木材的渗透性是决定浸渍改性效果的重要因素,增强杨木渗透性的方法包括汽蒸预处理、水煮预处理、微波预处理、压缩空气微爆破处理等。杨木浸渍改性中主要应用的药剂分为有机改性剂、无机改性剂和有机-无机复合改性剂,不同浸渍剂的浸渍效果不同。有机改性剂易与木材纤维实现化学结合,因而固着性强,但对胶合和涂饰效果有不良影响且易散发有毒有害物质;无机改性剂绿色环保,但抗流失性差;有机-无机复合改性剂结合两者优势,消除二者劣势,成为当前研究的重点。浸渍工艺对改性效果也有显著影响,常压浸渍成本低、易操作,但浸渍效果有限;真空-加压浸渍处理时间短,浸渍效果好,应用较为广泛。浸渍工艺参数如时间和压力等则对浸注深度和增重率有较大影响。本文就上述杨木浸渍改性的相关技术课题综述了国内外研究进展,并结合杨木改性材的性能分析了其在家具中的应用现状和发展前景。Poplar is one of the most important fast-growing forest species in China.It has the characteristics of short rotation period,strong adaptability,low price and ease of obtaining.But it also has some shortcomings,such as loose fiber structure and relatively poor material,which elevates the difficulty of high-value utilization in furniture.Impregnation modification of poplar to enhance its performance can not only improve the utilization rate of poplar,but also help to solve the problem of materials shortage in solid wood furniture production.The permeability of wood is an important factor determining the impregnation effects.The methods to enhance the permeability of poplar include steaming treatment,boiling treatment,microwave pretreatment,compressed air micro-blasting treatment and so on.The main agents used in the impregnation modification of poplar wood are divided into organic modifier,inorganic modifier and organic-inorganic composite modifier,and different agents have diverse impregnation effects.Organic modifiers are easy to realize chemical combination with wood fibers and therefore have strong fixation,but they are also detrimental to the bonding and finishing effects and prone to emit toxic and harmful substances.Inorganic modifiers are green and environmentally friendly,but inferior in loss resistance.The organic-inorganic composite modifiers combine the advantages of organic and inorganic ones,and eliminate the both disadvantages,so they have become the focus of current research.The impregnation process also has a significant impact on the modification effect.Atmospheric pressure impregnation enjoys low cost and simple operation but is limited in impregnation efficacy.Vacuum pressure impregnation is time-saving and highly effective,and hence has wide application.In addition,the process parameters,such as impregnation time and pressure,greatly influence the impregnation depth and weight gain rate.This review summarizes the global research progress of the above technical issues related to the impregnatio

关 键 词：杨木 浸渍改性 渗透性 浸渍剂 浸渍工艺 家具应用 

分 类 号：S785[农业科学—林学]