“5416”配方施肥对梅乐葡萄矿质元素和果实酚类物质含量的影响  

Effects of"5416"Formula Fertilization on the Content of Mineral Elements and Fruit Polyphenols in Merlot Grapes

作　　者：王小龙 张正文 邵学东 钟晓敏 王福成 史祥宾[1,2,3] 张艺灿 王海波 WANG Xiaolong;ZHANG Zhengwen;SHAO Xuedong;ZHONG Xiaomin;WANG Fucheng;SHI Xiangbin;ZHANG Yican;WANG Haibo(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Xingcheng 125100,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,China;Junding Winery Co.,Ltd.,Penglai 265600,China;Grape and Wine Industry Development Service Center,Penglai District,Yantai City,Penglai 265600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [3]辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [4]君顶酒庄有限公司,山东蓬莱265600 [5]烟台市蓬莱区葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展服务中心,山东蓬莱265600

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第5期105-113,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000204);中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-04);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-30-zp)。

摘　　要：旨在为梅乐葡萄优质生产和精准施肥提供理论基础,通过对各生育期、不同组织部位矿质元素含量的测定,并依据果实酚类物质所形成的品质指数进行营养诊断分析。利用Topsis分析法,计算果实酚类物质的综合品质指数,即CI值,通过比较不同生育期各组织各矿质元素含量与CI值的相关性,确定营养诊断因子;采用CND法对高优品质指数的果园进行划分,对低优果园进行营养诊断。结果表明,蓬莱产区梅乐葡萄叶片、叶柄与果实各矿质元素间存在显著的协同与拮抗关系。转色期果实N、成熟期果实P、转色期果实K、转色期叶片Ca、盛花期花序Mg、转色期果实Fe、盛花期叶片Mn、成熟期果实Zn、盛花期叶柄Cu、转色期叶柄B、盛花期叶片Mo被选为植株营养诊断因子。高优园的品质指数拐点值为0.7355,其中有7个果园满足此条件,占总体样本的14.58%。依据高优园植株矿质元素含量范围确定营养诊断因子的适宜值分别为:N(8.85~11.81)mg/g、P(1.98~4.26)mg/g、K(14.97~20.70)mg/g、Ca(35.57~68.83)mg/g、Mg(3.69~15.51)mg/g、Fe(70.96~103.26)mg/kg、Mn(166.20~277.67)mg/kg、Zn(10.71~20.27)mg/kg、Cu(9.54~14.90)mg/kg、B(11.44~17.07)mg/kg、Mo(0.69~1.60)mg/kg。低优园营养诊断表明,其植株的K、Ca、Mn、Mg表现偏低。以获得最高果实品质指数为目标,每公顷建议施肥量分别为N 62.25 kg、PO46.50 kg、KO 0.00 kg、CaO 56.25 kg、MgO 46.50 kg。Ca和Mg肥施应采用少量多次的原则;加强果园水肥管理,提高树体对K元素吸收;通过叶面喷施,适当补充缺乏的Mn元素。To provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality production and precise fertilization of Merlot grapes,through the determination of the mineral element content of each growth and different tissue parts,and the nutritional diagnosis and analysis based on the quality index formed by the phenolic substances in the fruit.The comprehensive quality index of fruit phenolics,namely CI value,was calculated by Topsis analysis method.By comparing the correlation between content of various mineral elements in different growth stages/tissues and CI value,the nutritional diagnostic factors are determined.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality production and precise fertilization of Merlot grapes,high-CI vineyards were classified by CND method.The results showed that there was a significant synergistic and antagonistic relationship among the mineral elements in the leaves,petioles and fruits of the Merlot grapes.VS_F_N,MS_F_P,VS_F_K,VS_L_Ca,FBS_F_Mg,VS_F_Fe,FBS_L_Mn,MS_F_Zn,FBS_P_Cu,VS_P_B,FBS_L_Mo were selected as plant nutrition diagnostic factors.The quality index inflection point value of high-CI vineyards was 0.7355,of which 7 orchards met this condition,accounting for 14.58%of the overall sample.According to the mineral element content range of Merlot plant within high-CI vineyards,the appropriate values of nutritional diagnostic factors were:N(8.85—11.81)mg/g,P(1.98—4.26)mg/g,K(14.97—20.70)mg/g,Ca(35.57—68.83)mg/g,Mg(3.69—15.51)mg/g,Fe(70.96—103.26)mg/kg,Mn(166.20—277.67)mg/kg,Zn(10.71—20.27)mg/kg,Cu(9.54—14.90)mg/kg,B(11.44—17.07)mg/kg,Mo(0.69—1.60)mg/kg.The nutritional diagnosis of high-CI vineyards showed that the K,Ca,Mn,and Mg in Merlot plants were on the low side.The obtain the highest fruit quality index as the goal,the recommended fertilizer rates per hectare were N 62.25 kg,PO46.50 kg,KO 0.00 kg,CaO 56.25 kg,and MgO 46.50 kg.Ca and Mg fertilizers should be applied in small amounts and multiple times;we should strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in the

关 键 词：梅乐葡萄 CND 品质指数 营养诊断 营养状况 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S663.01[农业科学—农业基础科学]