基于奇/偶互补磁场理论的新型自起动永磁同步电机  

A Novel Line-start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on the Theory of Odd/even Complementary Magnetic Field

作　　者：阚超豪[1] 赵如鹏 张贺 任泰安[1] 王群京[2] KAN Chaohao;ZHAO Rupeng;ZHANG He;REN Tai’an;WANG Qunjing(College of Electrical&Automatic Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui Province,China;Engineering Research Center for Power Quality of MOE,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,安徽省合肥市230009 [2]安徽大学教育部电能质量工程研究中心,安徽省合肥市230601

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2022年第19期7213-7223,共11页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51377040);安徽大学教育部电能质量工程研究中心开放课题基金资助(KFKT201609);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(JZ2020HGQA0174)。

摘　　要：自起动永磁同步电机在起动时存在电流大、转矩小、永磁体易退磁等不足,制约着该电机在重载起动等领域的工业化应用。该文提出一种奇/偶互补磁场理论,依据奇/偶对极磁场中每相转子绕组的各支路感应电势相位,对转子绕组进行串并联组合,使转子在奇/偶对极磁场中感应电流具有不同的流通路径,进而起动时转子绕组等效匝数降低,转子电阻折算值增大,达到提高样机起动性能的目标。通过对奇/偶互补磁场理论与同位线圈工作原理的分析,推导出样机起动状态等效电路,建立二维瞬态有限元模型。分析堵转时转矩与电流、空载起动气隙磁密、发电机制动转矩及永磁体退磁规律,结果表明,该理论既提高了样机起动转矩、减小了起动电流,进而削弱起动电流对永磁体的冲击,又保证了电机稳态运行性能与同机座号常规永磁电机相同,具有显著的应用价值。Line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors have a variety of disadvantages such as excessive starting current, small starting torque and permanent magnets which are easy to demagnetize, etc, limiting their application in overloading starting. The theory of odd/even complementary magnetic fields was proposed, according to the rule that the phase angle of induced potential was generated by each series branch of each phase rotor winding. The rotor windings were combined in series and parallel so that the induced current of the rotor has different flow paths in the odd/even polar magnetic field. Then, the equivalent number of turns of rotor winding decreases and the conversion value of rotor resistance increases, achieving the goal of improving the starting performance of prototype. The odd/even complementary magnetic fields theory and the working principle of isostatic coil were analyzed, and the equivalent circuit of the starting state of prototype was deduced. A two-dimension transient finite element model was established to analyze the torque and current during locking, dynamic air gap magnetic density,dynamic torque of power generation mechanism and demagnetization of permanent magnet. The results show that this method can improve the starting torque of the prototype,reduce the starting current, and weaken the impact of the power grid on the permanent magnet under the condition that the parameters of the steady state operation of the motor are the same as those of the conventional motor, such as the current,harmonic content and power, demonstrating significant application value.

关 键 词：奇/偶互补磁场理论 自起动永磁同步电机 起动转矩 起动电流 永磁体退磁 

分 类 号：TM341[电气工程—电机]