1912—1949年中国地理学者的发展特征分析  

Analysis on the development characteristics of geographers in China from 1912 to 1949

作　　者：孙俊[1,2] 汤茂林 潘玉君[1] 武友德 张晓梅[1] 梁栩琪[1] 郭玉珊 宋慧仙 和晓江 牛天有 刘浩 SUN Jun;TANG Maolin;PAN Yujun;WU Youde;ZHANG Xiaomei;LIANG Xuqi;GUO Yushan;SONG Huixian;HE Xiaojiang;NIU Tianyou;LIU Hao(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;School of History and Administration,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学历史与行政学院,昆明650500 [3]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [4]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《地理学报》2022年第10期2668-2682,共15页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16ZDA041,17FZS047,20FZSB006);国家自然科学基金项目(41761037,41971169)。

摘　　要：本文基于多种资料,梳理了1912—1949年中国地理学者姓名、生卒年、籍贯、领域、教育与工作经历等数据,从来源、增长、结构3个层面讨论当时中国地理学者发展进程。研究发现1912—1949年间:①地理学者在来源层面可分舆地学者、外聘地理学者、现代学制培养地理学者(含有交集关系的国内培养学者、留学培养学者、跨学科学者)3种类型,不同类型群体对地理学者发展的影响差异明显;②地理学者数量发展可分1912—1927年波动增长,1928—1939年持续增长,1940—1941年急速增长和1942—1949年放缓增长4个时期;③中国地理学者学科结构、领域结构、学缘结构、地域结构、年龄结构、性别结构等方面均表现为失衡但失衡程度趋于降低的态势;④地理学者发展与地理教学、研究机构发展关系密切,特别是高等地理教学机构对地理学者发展有多重影响。1912—1949年中国地理学者的发展为中国科学地理学的持续进步奠定了人才基础,其过程同时是中国近现代地理学转型的一个侧面。Based on materials mainly comprising name lists, biographies, short introductions,dictionaries of/on geographers, historical records overviewing colleges and universities,histories of geography departments, and so on, this study aims at revealing the development process of geographers in China in the period 1912-1949 from a ternary perspective of source,growth, and structure. The key data on geographers’ birth and death years, native places,subdisciplines or fields they contributed to, and their educational and working backgrounds are extracted and used to identify geographers and evaluate their development process. A total of460 geographers(449 Chinese, 11 foreigners) are identified. The research reveals the following: First, geographers can be categorized into three types: traditional, foreign, and scientific cultivation(including domestic trained, overseas trained, and interdisciplinary scholars), and the changes in geographer type reflected the change of disciplinary traditions.Second, the development of geographers can be divided into four periods: initial growth(1912-1927), continuous growth(1928-1939), rapid growth(1940-1941), and slow growth(1942-1949). Third, the distribution of Chinese geographers’ subdisciplines or fields, research directions, native places, ages, and gender showed a pattern of obvious unbalance but continuous optimization. Finally, the development of geographers was closely related to the establishment of teaching and scientific research institutions. The higher teaching institutions had a "double-track" effect(employing and training) on the development of geographers in terms of recruitment and training. In particular, the contribution of university geography departments to the cultivation of geographers was characterized as the "double-track" system related to the types of universities and departments. Geoscience departments in comprehensive universities and those jointly established with geology and meteorology departments made outstanding contributions to the development of ge

关 键 词：地理学者 来源类型 增长过程 结构特征 1912—1949 中国 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] K825.89[历史地理—中国史] K25