工业锅炉煤粉供料系统的数字化升级  

Digital upgrade of feeding system for pulverized coal fired industrial boilers

作　　者：柳冠青 刘振宇 潘昊 李小炯 蔚刚 张广琦 张朝 郑祥玉 LIU Guanqing;LIU Zhenyu;PAN Hao;LI Xiaojiong;YU Gang;ZHANG Guangqi;ZHANG Chao;ZHENG Xiangyu(Beijing Tiandi Rongchuang Technology Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;National Energy Technology&Equipment Laboratory of Coal Utilization and Emission Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京天地融创科技股份有限公司,北京100013 [2]国家能源煤炭高效利用与节能减排技术装备重点实验室,北京100013

出　　处：《煤质技术》2022年第5期36-45,共10页Coal Quality Technology

基　　金：中国煤科科工节能基金资助项目(2021JNCX-01)。

摘　　要：供料系统是煤粉工业锅炉的核心工艺子系统之一,对锅炉负荷调节及煤粉在锅炉中的高效、低氮、稳定燃烧至关重要,也是决定锅炉能否实现氧量和负压自动控制的关键要素。以带中间仓称重、采用旋转式锁气阀作为供料器的供料系统为对象,通过对供料系统工作原理和特性的分析,提出了数字化升级的着手点和技术架构,综合利用数据分析算法及可视化程序开发、计算侧与控制侧协同运行、边缘侧软硬件技术集成等手段,实现对供料速率的在线分析计算,并根据供料器在不同转速下的运行工况数据,得到供料速率随供料器转速的变化关系(供料特性曲线),据此进一步实现了控制系统直接根据供料速率设定值对供料器转速进行自适应控制的“本征”控制模式,由此解决了大多数工业锅炉煤粉供料系统不具备煤粉流量、耗量实时计量手段所引起的能耗指标无从监控、运行调节单凭经验、设备劣化难以感知、燃烧自控难以实现等系列问题。对煤粉供料系统数字化、智能化的未来工作方向进行展望和讨论,指出未来应进一步挖掘核心算法和应用场景,逐步扩大供料系统数字化升级的应用范围并物联网化,对大范围的个体装备进行群集“画像”和对标分析,通过特征归纳、全生命周期溯源、实际检修诊断和改造试验等手段,理清装备性能的数字化表征与设计、制造、安装、运行控制、检修维护之间的因果关系,借助数字化场景向燃烧诊断延伸,从而提升供料系统的标准化和工业化水平并丰富供料系统数字化升级的价值内涵。The feeding system is one of the core process subsystems of the pulverized coal fired industrial boiler.It is very important for the boiler load regulation and the efficient,low nitrogen and stable combustion of pulverized coal in the boiler and it is also the key factor to determine whether the boiler can realize the automatic control of flue gas oxygen level and furnace pressure.Taking the feeding system with intermediate chamber weighing and rotary air lock valve as the feeder as the research object,through the analysis of the working principle and characteristics of the feeding system,the starting point and technical framework of digital upgrading were put forward.Using combined techniques of data analysis,data visualization,coordinated operation between the computation and the control systems,and software/hardware integration at the edge side,the on-line analysis and computation of the feeding rate were realized.According to the operating data of the feeder at different speeds,the relationship between the feeding rate and the feeder speed(i.e.the"characteristic feeding curve")was obtained.Accordingly,the"intrinsic"control mode that the control system adaptively controls the speed of the feeder directly according to the set value of the feeding rate was further realized.This work had solved a series of problems caused by the problem that most industrial boiler pulverized coal feeding systems do not have the means of real-time measurement of pulverized coal flow and consumption,such as the lack of monitoring of energy consumption,operation regulation based mostly on experience,difficulty in perceiving equipment deterioration,and difficulty in realizing automatic combustion control.The future work of digitalization and intellectualization of pulverized coal feeding system was prospected and discussed.It is pointed out that,in the future,the core algorithms and application scenarios of digital upgrade of the feeding system should be further explored,the application scope of digitalization should be expanded and

关 键 词：工业锅炉 煤粉供料系统 数字化升级 供料器 中间仓 供料速率 供料特性曲线 控制系统 

分 类 号：TK229[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]