30份木薯种质资源农艺性状和品质特性的表型综合评价  

Phenotypic Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Characteristics of 30 Cassava Germplasm Resources

作　　者：羊兴爱 李开绵[2] 陈松笔[2] Yang Xing'ai;Li Kaimian;Chen Songbi(College of Tropical Crop,Hainan University,Haikou,570228;Key Laboratory of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science,Haikou,571101)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,农业农村部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第18期6136-6144,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000500);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31871687)共同资助。

摘　　要：针对木薯资源本底不清的问题,对国家木薯种质资源圃收集保存的30份木薯种质的农艺性状和品质特性进行表型评价,发掘优良骨干亲本,为木薯育种提供资源基础。从鲜薯产量、干物率、淀粉含量、地上生物量、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率6个农艺性状和品质特性对30份国内外收集的木薯种质资源进行表型评价,利用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法进行评价。30份木薯种质在6个农艺性状和品质特性均表现出显著性差异(P<0.05),地上生物量与鲜薯淀粉含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),鲜薯产量与净光合速率、地上生物量呈极显著正相关(P<0.05)。同时,主成分分析和聚类分析发现农艺性状和品质特性综合表现较好的木薯种质有‘13C004’、‘R72’、‘FB-4’和‘SC14’,而这4个木薯种质排序不同的原因是主成分1的“产量因子”、主成分2的“营养因子”、主成分3的“叶片颜色因子”占比和排序不同,从而说明这3个指标在木薯种质农艺性状和品质特性评价体系中的重要性。30份木薯种质的农艺性状和品质特性表型具有显著差异,其中‘13C004’作为高产高淀粉的优良资源,可推荐选育作为淀粉工业生产所用的品种和育种骨干亲本进行推广应用。To solve the problem of unclear background of cassava germplasm resources,the phenotypic evaluation was carried out on agronomic and quality characteristics of 30 cassava germplasm collected and preserved by National Cassava Germplasm Bank,and good backbone parents were explored to provide resource basis for cassava breeding.The phenotypic characteristics of 30 cassava germplasm resources collected at home and abroad were evaluated from 6 agronomic and quality characteristics including fresh root yield,dry matter content,starch content,above-ground biomass,leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate with principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The 30 cassava germplasm exhibited significant differences in six agronomic traits and quality characteristics(P<0.05).The above-ground biomass was negatively correlated with the starch content of the fresh roots,and the fresh root yield was positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate and above-ground biomass.At the same time,principal component analysis and cluster analysis found that cassava germplasms with good comprehensive performance of agronomic traits and quality characteristics include’13C004’,’R72’,’FB-4’and’SC14’,and the different ranking of the four cassava germplasms is due to the proportion and sorting of"production factor"of principal component 1,"nutrition factor"of principal component 2,"leaf color factor"of principal component 3.It was important for these three indexes in the evaluation system of cassava germplasm agronomic traits and quality characteristics.There were significant differences in agronomic traits and quality characteristics among 30cassava germplasms,in which’13C004’was an excellent resource with high yield and high starch,which could be recommended to be selected as a variety for starch industrial production and breeding backbone parent for promotion and application.

关 键 词：木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz) 种质资源 农艺性状 品质特性 鉴定评价 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]