植物新品种权的基本概念和权利保护  

Basic Concept and Right Protection of the Plant Variety Rights

作　　者：樊欣欣[1] Fan Xinxin(Puyang Vocational and Technical College,Puyang,457000)

机构地区：[1]濮阳职业技术学院,濮阳457000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第18期6261-6264,共4页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：本研究由河南省社会科学界联合会项目(SKL-2019-400)资助。

摘　　要：植物新品种权(plant variety rights,PVR),也称为植物育种人权利(plant breeders'rights,PBR),是授予植物新品种育种人的一种权利,授予育种人对新品种的营养体繁殖材料和生殖体繁殖材料在规定的时间内拥有独家控制权。新品种的营养体繁殖材料包括根、茎、叶、插条、分株、组织培养,生殖体繁殖材料包括种子、果实。国际上,现行的植物新品种保护模式是1961年制定的《保护植物新品种国际公约》,即The International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants(UPOV公约),各个成员国基于UPOV公约进行适合自身国情的立法。在中国主要有《中华人民共和国种子法》和《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例》,并将植物新品种权视为与专利权、著作权、商标权一样,归属于一种民事权利。本研究系统概述了植物新品种权的基本定义和主要特点,植物新品种权的授予和归属,植物新品种权的保护模式,中国的植物新品种的适用法规,提出了优化植物新品种权保护机制的若干建议,给中国育种单位和育种人对植物新品种权的保护和应用提供参考。Plant variety rights(PVR),also known as plant breeders'rights(PBR),is a right granted to plant new variety breeders.The breeder is granted the exclusive right to control the vegetative propagation materials and reproductive propagation materials of new varieties within the specified time.The vegetative propagation materials of the new varieties include roots,stems and leaves,cuttings,ramps and tissue cultures,and the reproductive propagation materials include seeds and fruits.Internationally,the current mode of protection of new plant varieties is the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants(UPOV Convention),which was adopted in 1961.Each member country makes legislation suitable for its own national conditions based on the UPOV Convention.In China,the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of New Plant Varieties,which regard the right of new plant varieties as a civil right,like patent right,copyright and trademark right.This study systematically summarized the basic definition and main characteristics of new plant variety rights,the granting and attribution of new plant variety rights,the protection mode of new plant variety rights,the applicable laws and regulations of new plant varieties in China,and put forward some suggestions on optimizing the protection mechanism of new plant variety rights,with a view to providing reference for the protection and application of new plant variety rights for Chinese breeding institutions and breeders.

关 键 词：植物新品种权 植物育种人权利 UPOV公约 知识产权 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学] D923.4