企业数据经营权的多层用益权构造方案  

Construction Scheme of Multilayer Usufruct of Right of Management over Enterprise Data

作　　者：黄细江 Huang Xijiang

机构地区：[1]暨南大学知识产权研究院

出　　处：《法学》2022年第10期96-111,共16页Law Science

基　　金：2021年度广东省社科规划青年项目“企业数据权利保护法律研究”(项目编号:GD21YFX04);2020年度广东省普通高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“企业数据不正当竞争规制研究”(项目编号:20JNZS24)的成果。

摘　　要：数据具有附属性、相关性、公共性的特征,这些特征有碍企业数据获得财产权保护。然而,在目前企业数据交易市场失灵与既有相关制度失灵的困境下,在现实交易需求与信息自由目标的共同作用下,财产权具有成熟的模块化特点,企业数据财产权保护具有比较优势。为克服个人信息保护的制度阻碍和所有权一元结构的内在缺陷,企业数据所有权与用益权的分离具有理论渊源和制度理性。借助于《民法典》农地“三权分置”制度的经验智慧,企业数据所有权可归于公众,企业获得可区分的企业数据经营权。允许结构化的、经审核登记的企业数据在特定场所进行交易,既可使企业数据经营权获得物权性效力,具有绝对性、排他性,又不排除交易主体基于合意获得企业数据经营权的合同安排与债权性利益,从而使企业数据在整体规范架构中获得共享与私用、公益与私益的平衡。Data has the characteristics of auxiliary, relevance and publicity, which hinders the enterprise data from obtaining property protection. However, due to market failure and existing system failure, under the demand of transaction and the goal of information freedom, property right has mature modular merit, and the protection of enterprise data property rights has comparative advantages. In order to overcome the obstacles of personal information protection system and the inherent defects of unitary ownership structure, the separation of data ownership and usufruct has theoretical origin and institutional rationality. With the help of the experience and wisdom of “Three Rights Separation” of farmland in the Civil Code, the ownership of enterprise data belongs to the public, and the enterprise obtains the distinguishable enterprise data operating right. The structured and audited enterprise data can be traded in a specific place, and the enterprise data operating right has the real right effect, which is absolute and exclusive;it also does not exclude the contract arrangement and creditor’s rights interests subject to obtain the enterprise data operating right based on the agreement, so that the enterprise data achieve the balance between sharing and private use, public welfare and private interests in the overall normative framework.

关 键 词：企业数据 经营权 用益权 个人信息保护 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]