江西不同种植制度下耕地土壤pH值和养分现状分析  

Soil pH and Nutrient Status of Cultivated Land Under Different Cropping Systems in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：甘豪 魏宗强[1,2] 卢志红 吴建富[1,2] 袁源远 贺子俨[1] 朱安繁 GAN Hao;WEI Zongqiang;LU Zhihong;WU Jianfu;YUAN Yuanyuan;HE Ziyan;ZHU Anfan(College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330046,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang 330046,China;Soil and Fertilizer Technique Promotion Station of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330046,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西省土壤肥料技术推广站,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第5期1305-1316,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860589);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301601)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探明江西省不同种植制度下土壤养分和pH值状况。【方法】参照第2次土壤普查推荐的土壤养分和pH值分级标准,对江西省94个县(市)不同种植制度下具有代表性的4188个耕地土壤的养分和pH值进行比较分析。【结果】不同种植制度下土壤均酸化严重,稻-闲、稻-稻-闲或水旱轮作稻田土壤pH值<5.5的占比显著高于旱作,而水旱轮作尤其是肥-稻-稻能明显提高双季稻田土壤pH值。不同种植制度下土壤有机质含量中等偏丰富,表现为稻田高于旱地,双季稻田高于单季稻田,肥-稻-稻明显高于油-稻-稻、烟-稻。土壤碱解氮含量较丰富,其中油-稻和肥-稻-稻下土壤碱解氮含量较丰富的土壤样点占比分别达88.13%和82.46%,而油-棉、棉-闲和烟-稻下的土壤碱解氮丰富水平较其他种植制度低。土壤有效磷含量处于中等水平,稻-稻-闲或水旱轮作(除烟-稻)土壤有效磷含量大于20 mg/kg的占比明显高于旱作,而土壤有效磷含量10~20 mg/kg占比表现为旱作高于稻-闲、稻-稻-闲或水旱轮作(除烟-稻),但在9种种植制度中仍有19.00%~34.38%的土壤有效磷含量低于10 mg/kg,极其缺乏。不同种植制度下土壤速效钾含量均较低,速效钾含量在30~100 mg/kg的占比为51.35%~78.57%,速效钾含量大于150 mg/kg的旱作占比明显高于稻-闲、稻-稻-闲或水旱轮作。【结论】由上可知稻-稻-闲或水旱轮作制度(除烟-稻)下土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量均较高,是适合江西省耕地保护和农业增产的重要种植制度,而油-棉、棉-闲、烟-稻种植制度下土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均偏低。在今后农业生产中应结合种植制度对土壤养分的影响及江西土壤氮盈余、钾缺乏、部分土壤磷亏缺、土壤酸化严重的现状,进行合理布局和科学施肥。[Objective]This study aims to explore the status of soil nutrients and pH values under different cropping systems in Jiangxi Province.[Method]With the soil nutrient and pH grading standards recommended by the Second Soil Survey,the soil nutrients and pH values of 4188 arable lands in 94 counties(cities)under different cropping system in Jiangxi Province were compared and analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the soil acidification was severe under different cropping systems,and the proportion of paddy soil pH value less than 5.5 for rice-follow and double-cropping rice-fallow or paddy and dry rotation was significantly higher than that of dry cropping,but the pH of double cropping rice soil could be significantly increased by paddy and upland rotation,especially by manure-rice-rice rotation.With different cropping systems,the content of soil organic matter was more abundant.Specifically,the organic matter of paddy fields were higher than that of dry fields,double cropping paddies higher than single cropping paddies,and the manure-rice-rice rotation significantly higher than the oil-rice-rice and tobacco-rice models.The soil was rich in alkali-hydro nitrogen.The soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content in oil-rice and manure-rice-rice modes was high as 88.13% and 82.46% respectively,and the soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content in oil-cotton,cotton and tobacco-rice modes was lower than that in other planting modes.The soil available phosphorus content was at a medium level.The proportion of soil available phosphorus content above 20 mg/kg in double-cropping rice-fallow or paddy-upland rotation(except smoke-rice)was significantly higher than that of dry farming.As for the soil available phosphorus content between 10-20 mg/kg,dry farming was higher than rice-follow,double-cropping rice-fallow or paddy and dry rotation(except tobacco-rice),but in the 9 cropping systems,19.00%-34.38% of soil available phosphorus content was below 10 mg/kg,which was extremely deficient.Under different cropping systems,the content of availabl

关 键 词：江西 耕地土壤 种植制度 土壤养分 PH 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]