牛活体采卵和体外胚胎生产技术的应用现状和展望  

Application status and prospect of bovine ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production technologies

作　　者：邱金龙 史延 李爽 张坤 QIU Jinlong;SHI Yan;LI Shuang;ZHANG Kun(Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院哺乳动物分子胚胎学实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第5期557-565,604,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872348,32072731);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作交流项目(32161143032);浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ21C170001)。

摘　　要：活体采卵(ovum pick-up,OPU)结合体外胚胎生产(in vitro embryo production,IVP)技术能显著提高牛的繁殖效率,对奶牛和肉牛的良种扩繁具有重要意义。近年来,OPU/IVP技术在世界范围内迅速推广,逐步取代体内胚胎生产技术成为胚胎移植的主要技术手段。但是,因其整体效率低下、操作技术难度较大等,该技术体系在我国尚处于起步阶段,是制约我国奶牛和肉牛遗传改良的重要因素。本文从OPU/IVP的发展现状入手,阐述了OPU/IVP技术的进展情况,并针对该技术在良种扩繁等方面的应用前景提出展望,旨在为完善我国OPU/IVP技术体系和提高牛繁殖生产效率提供参考,从而促进养牛业的发展。The application of ovum pick-up(OPU)and in vitro embryo production(IVP)can significantly improve the reproductive efficiency of cows,which is of great significance for the propagation of superior breeds of dairy cows and beef cattle.In recent years,OPU/IVP technology has spread rapidly around the world and gradually replaced in vivo derived(IVD)technology to be the most wildly used method of embryo transfer.However,the technical system is still in its infancy in China due to the low efficiency and high technical difficulty in operation,which is the main restriction factor for genetic improvement of dairy cows and beef cattle in China.In this paper,we reviewed the current situation of OPU/IVP,the technical progress as well as the prospect of the application of OPU/IVP in the propagation of superior breeds of dairy cows and beef cattle,aiming to provide references for the complement of China’s OPU/IVP technical system and the improvement of efficiency of bovine reproduction,thereby promoting the development of bovine breeding in China.

关 键 词：奶牛 肉牛 活体采卵 体外胚胎生产 良种扩繁 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S814.8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]