滴灌施肥对山地柑橘园生产效应的影响  

Effects of drip fertigation on production effect of mountain citrus orchard

作　　者：温明霞[1] 奚辉[1] 吴韶辉[1] 李娜[1] 陈喜靖[1] WEN Mingxia;XI Hui;WU Shaohui;LI Na;CHEN Xijing(Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院,杭州310021

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第5期566-572,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：浙江省农业科学院地方合作项目“农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设服务”(HY202001);国家重点研发计划项目“养分原位监测与水肥一体化施肥技术装备”(2017YFD0201500)。

摘　　要：以山地种植的温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)为研究对象,以农民习惯施肥(只施化肥,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分投入量分别为211.5、180.0、220.5 kg/hm^(2))为对照(CF),设置不同的滴灌施肥处理(DF1:化肥减量施用,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分投入量分别为153.0、63.0、157.5 kg/hm^(2);DF2:化肥减量施用,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分投入量分别为180.0、108.0、211.5 kg/hm^(2)),研究滴灌施肥对柑橘产量、品质、养分吸收和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:滴灌施肥处理的柑橘产量较高,DF1和DF2处理分别比对照提高17.5%和16.4%;果实品质也较好,DF1和DF2处理的可溶性固形物含量分别比对照增加11.4%和10.5%,维生素C含量分别提高26.7%和13.6%,总酸含量分别降低16.2%和21.6%;此外,滴灌施肥处理还可以显著地增加叶片和果实对钙、镁、硼的吸收。滴灌施肥对土壤pH值及土壤肥力的影响也较大,DF1和DF2处理的土壤pH值高于对照,有机质含量分别比对照提高27.1%和20.0%,水解性氮含量分别增加88.3%和105.2%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硼含量也显著高于对照。由此可见,滴灌施肥在节约化肥的同时,可以改善土壤肥力,提高柑橘对养分的吸收利用,进而提高果实产量,改善果实品质,是柑橘园减少化肥施用、提质增效的一项重要措施。Taking satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.)grown in mountainous areas as the research object,and custom fertilization of farmers(only applying chemical fertilizer,the input amounts of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O were 211.5,180.0,220.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively)as the control(CF),different combinations of fertilization with organic matter and chemical fertilizer decrement(DF1:the input amounts of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O were 153.0,63.0,157.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively;DF2:the input amounts of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O were 180.0,108.0,211.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively)were set to study the effects of drip fertigation on citrus yield,quality,nutrient absorption and soil fertility.The results showed that citrus yields of drip fertigation treatments with DF1 and DF2 increased by 17.5%and 16.4%,respectively,as compared with the control.The drip fertigation treatments with DF1 and DF2 could also increase fruit quality.The total soluble solid content increased by 11.4%and 10.5%,and vitamin C content increased by 26.7%and 13.6%,and the total acid content decreased by 16.2%and 21.6%,respectively,as compared with the control.In addition,drip fertigation treatments could significantly increase the absorption of calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg)and boron(B)in leaves and fruits,which were higher than those of the control.Drip fertigation treatments also had a great impact on soil pH and soil fertility.The soil pH value of DF1 and DF2 treatments was higher than that of the control,and the organic matter content increased by 27.1%and 20.0%,respectively,and the hydrolysable nitrogen(N)content increased by 88.3%and 105.2%,respectively.The soil exchangeable Ca,exchangeable Mg and available B contents were also significantly higher than those of the control.It can be seen that while saving chemical fertilizer,drip fertigation can improve soil fertility,promote the nutrient absorption and utilization of leaves and fruits,and then increase citrus yield and improve fruit quality.Therefore,drip fertigation is an important measure to reduce chemical fertilizer application,

关 键 词：滴灌施肥 柑橘产量 品质 土壤肥力 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S666.2[农业科学—果树学] S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]