基于RSM-PSO的6061铝合金激光焊接工艺优化  

Optimization of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Laser Welding Process Based on RSM-PSO

作　　者：宋少东 王燕燕[1] 舒林森[1,2] 何雅娟 Song Shaodong;Wang Yanyan;Shu Linsen;He Yajuan(College of Mechanical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723001,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation,Hanzhong 723001,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学机械工程学院,陕西汉中723001 [2]陕西省工业自动化重点实验室,陕西汉中723001

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2022年第17期217-223,共7页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51505268);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK0150);陕西理工学院科研计划项目(SLGKY14-13)。

摘　　要：工艺参数是决定铝合金激光焊接质量的关键因素。因此,在保证焊缝形貌质量优良的前提下,提出一种响应面与粒子群(RSM-PSO)的组合算法,探究2 mm厚6061铝合金薄板激光焊接最优工艺参数。基于Design-Expert 10.0软件进行光纤激光焊接试验设计,以焊缝塌陷和薄板弯曲变形为响应,建立了焊接参数多元线性回归模型,分析了各工艺参数对焊接质量的影响,并采用粒子群智能算法进行优化。结果表明:本研究试验条件下,扫描速度和离焦量的交互作用对焊缝塌陷影响比较大,激光功率与扫描速度对薄板变形量的影响比较大。优化后的最佳工艺参数组合为激光功率2629 W、扫描速度6.85 mm/s、离焦量-0.18 mm。此参数下,6061铝合金薄板塌陷深度仅为85.66μm,弯曲变形也处于较低水平,为1.2 mm,表明该算法所寻参数可有效提高焊接质量。Process parameters are the key factors determining the quality of laser welding aluminum alloys. Therefore, to ensure good weld morphology quality, a combined response surface methodology and particle-swarm optimization(RSMPSO) algorithm was proposed to explore the optimal process parameters to laser weld 2 mm-thick 6061 aluminum alloy sheets. The experimental design of the fiber laser welding was performed using Desk-Expert 10. 0 software. In response to weld collapse and sheet bending, multiple linear regression of the welding parameters was established. The effects of various process parameters on the welding quality were analyzed, and the particle-swarm intelligence algorithm was used for optimization. The results show that under the experimental conditions of this study, the scanning speed and defocusing have a strong influence on the weld collapse, and the laser power and scanning speed have a great influence on the sheet deformation. The optimal process parameters are laser power, scanning speed, and defocusing amount of 2629 W,6. 85 mm/s, and-0. 18 mm, respectively. Under these parameters, the collapse depth and bending of the 6061aluminum alloy sheet are only 85. 66 μm and 1. 2 mm, respectively, indicating that the parameters obtained via this algorithm can effectively improve the welding quality.

关 键 词：激光光学 响应面法 粒子群算法 激光焊接 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TG456.[金属学及工艺—焊接]