播期对江西晚稻产量及温光资源利用的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Late-Rice Yield and Utilization of Heat-Light Resources in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：张崇华 段里成 王尚明 张清霞 王成孜 吴风雨 杨林 Zhang Chonghua;Duan Licheng;Wang Shangming;Zhang Qingxia;Wang Chengzi;Wu Fengyu;Yang Lin(Jiangxi Nanchang Agrometeorological Experimental Station,Nanchang 330200,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Agricultural Meteorological Center,Nanchang 330096,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西南昌农业气象试验站,江西南昌330200 [2]江西省农业气象中心,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第5期229-234,共6页Crops

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z059);2020年度国内外作物产量气象预报专项项目(20200202);江西省气象局青年人才培养项目(JXQXJ20190613);南昌市农业气象重点实验室开放研究基金(2018NNZS102)。

摘　　要：为探究播期对江西晚稻产量和温光资源利用的影响,以荣优华占为试验材料,通过分期播种试验及对江西长序列气候资料的分析,研究播期对江西双季晚稻生育期、产量及其构成因素和生育期内温光资源利用的影响。结果表明,随着播期推迟,晚稻产量呈下降趋势(降幅达2.0%~38.1%)。相关分析表明,有效穗数与产量呈显著或极显著正相关关系(相关系数0.957~0.991),穗粒数和结实率与产量在不同年份相关性存在差异。温光资源利用率和积温随播期推迟呈下降趋势,且全生育期积温与产量呈极显著正相关关系。对比1991-2020年江西省晚稻安全齐穗期和成熟期可知,2006-2020年较1991-2005年赣北安全齐穗期基本无变化,赣中和赣南分别推迟2和3d;2006-2020年较1991-2005年赣北、赣中和赣南安全成熟期分别推迟11、6和6d。因此,各地应根据当地气候条件,选用生育期适宜的品种,在确保早稻成熟条件下,适时早播晚稻有利于提高产量和温光资源利用。Rongyouhuazhan was used as material to investigate the impact of sowing date on the yield of laterice and the utilization of heat-light resources in Jiangxi province.The effects of sowing date on the growth period,yield and its components of late-rice as well as the utilization of heat-light resources during the growth period were examined through sowing date experiments and analysis of long-sequence climatic data of Jiangxi province.The results showed that the yield was impacted by the delayed sowing date with a decrease range of 2.0%to 38.1%.There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the effective panicle number and yield(correlation coefficient was 0.957-0.991),and the correlations between grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate and yield were different in different years.The utilization rate of heat-light resources and accumulated temperature showed a downward trend with the delay of sowing date,and the accumulated temperature during the whole growth period had a extremely significant positive correlation with yield.Compared the safe full heading period and maturity period of late-rice from 1991 to 2020,the safe full heading period in northern Jiangxi from 1991 to 2005 remained basically unchanged compared with 2006-2020,the central Jiangxi and southern Jiangxi were delayed by two and three days,respectively.The safety maturity period from 2006 to 2020 was delayed by eleven,six and six days respectively compared with 1991-2005 in northern Jiangxi,central Jiangxi and southern Jiangxi.Therefore,it was advisable to select varieties with suitable growth period according to local production conditions,and early sowing at the right time was beneficial to increase laterice yield and utilization of heat-light resources under the condition of ensuring maturity of early rice.

关 键 词：晚稻 温光资源 播期 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]