长期和短期减施磷肥对华南双季稻产量与磷肥利用的影响  

Effects of Long-and Short-Term Reduction of Phosphorus Input on Yield and Phosphorus Utilization of Double Cropping Rice in South China

作　　者：潘俊峰[1] 刘彦卓[1] 梁开明[1] 黄农荣[1] 彭碧琳[1] 傅友强[1] 胡香玉 钟旭华[1] 李妹娟 胡锐 Pan Junfeng;Liu Yanzhuo;Liang Kaiming;Huang Nongrong;Peng Bilin;Fu Youqiang;Hu Xiangyu;Zhong Xuhua;Li Meijuan;Hu Rui(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第5期241-248,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200303);广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313463);广东省农业科学院科技成果培育专项(粤农科研[2018]45号);广东省农业科学院农业新兴产业学科团队建设项目(202112TD);广东省农业科学院青年导师制项目(R2018QD-012,R2020QD-002);广州市科技计划项目(201806010094);广东省重点实验室(2020B1212060047)。

摘　　要：通过短期和长期试验相结合,研究减施磷肥对水稻产量和磷肥利用的影响。短期试验设置常规基施磷肥(P1)、磷肥减半基施(P2)和磷肥减半且基肥和穗肥各50%施用(P3)3个处理,以常规稻粤晶丝苗2号和杂交稻晶两优华占为供试材料,进行早晚两季试验;长期定位试验包含不施磷(M0)和常规施磷(M1)2个处理,采用9年18季试验数据。短期试验结果表明,磷肥减施对水稻产量、干物质积累量与转运、磷素积累量与利用等性状指标均无显著影响。P1、P2和P3处理间土壤总磷和可溶性磷含量均无显著差异,并且田面水总磷和可溶性磷含量在全生育期内无显著差异。P1、P2和P3处理的磷素盈亏率分别为8.7%、-35.3%和-31.8%,P1处理可达到土壤磷素表观平衡。长期定位试验结果表明,M0处理的产量随种植季节数增加而下降,3年6季内M0与M1处理产量相当。根据目前稻田土壤磷含量情况,在生产上3年内磷肥减半施用,既不影响水稻产量,又可降低稻田磷素损失风险,是兼顾产量和环保的技术方案。Short-term and long-term experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phosphorus(P)fertilizer reduction on rice yield and phosphorus utilization.In the short-term experiment,three treatments,including normal P application(P1),half-dosage P application as basal dressing(P2),half-dosage P application with 50%as basal dressing and 50%as panicle fertilizer(P3),were established in an early and a late cropping season,conventional rice Yuejingsimiao 2 and hybrid rice Jingliangyouhuazhan were used as materials.In the long-term experiment,two treatments of no P application(M0)and normal P application(M1)were set up for nine consecutive years(comprising 18 seasons).Results from the short-term experiment indicated that two P reduction had no significant effect on grain yield,accumulation and translocation of dry matter,P accumulation and utilization.Among three treatments,no significant difference existed in the total and soluble P contents in the soil or in surface water.The P surplus and deficit rate were 8.7%,-35.3%and-31.8%for P1,P2 and P3 treatments,with P1 treatment achieving P apparent balance in the soil.In the long-term experiment,the relative yield under M0 treatment displayed a gradual declining trend across cropping seasons.However,the yields were comparable between two treatments in the six first seasons of three years.It could be concluded that short-term P reduction for three years would do no harm to grain yield and could reduce P loss from paddy soil in these fields with low to medium level of P content.Basal dressing of P fertilizer with half dosage would be better for achieving benefits in both grain yield and environmental protection.

关 键 词：双季稻 产量 磷肥利用效率 磷平衡 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]