生物炭和有机肥对毛白杨人工林土壤氮矿化的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in Populus tomentosa Plantation

作　　者：王凯[1] 刘勇[1] 赵蕊蕊 鲜李虹 李晓丽 冯雪瑾 吴翼 Wang Kai;Liu Yong;Zhao Ruirui;Xian Lihong;Li Xiaoli;Feng Xuejin;Wu Yi(Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2022年第10期61-68,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2016YFD0600403)。

摘　　要：为探索生物炭和有机肥在施加第三年后对毛白杨人工林土壤氮矿化的影响,在山东省聊城市冠县北京林业大学科研基地,以毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)人工林土壤为研究对象,采用裂区试验和原位培养法,选择3种有机肥施加量(0、3、9 t·hm^(-2))、3种生物炭施加量(0、2.5、10.0 t·hm^(-2)),随机区组9个协同施加试验方案;于2018年春季对试验地土壤撒施生物炭和有机肥(施加深度都为20cm),2019年采用生长一致的1年生“北林雄株1号”造林(造林密度为3 m×4 m);以不施加生物炭和有机肥为对照样地,2020年8—11月份采集各试验地土样,测算经过不同施肥处理后的毛白杨人工林土壤净氨化速率、净硝化速率、净氮矿化速率,分析生物炭、有机肥及其交互作用对毛白杨人工林土壤氮矿化的影响。结果表明:生物炭显著提高了土壤无机氮质量分数,其中生物炭施加量为10.0 t·hm^(-2)时土壤的无机氮质量分数较高。在8、9月份,生物炭和有机肥的交互作用,对土壤的净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率影响极显著(P<0.01),且生物炭对土壤的净氨化速率、净硝化速率、净氮矿化速率也有显著影响(P<0.05)。在8月份,与不施加生物炭和有机肥(对照)相比,“不施加有机肥+施加生物炭2.5 t·hm^(-2)”、“不施加有机肥+施加生物炭10.0 t·hm^(-2)”、“施加有机肥3 t·hm^(-2)+施加生物炭10.0 t·hm^(-2)”、“施加有机肥9 t·hm^(-2)+不施加生物炭”、“施加有机肥9 t·hm^(-2)+施加生物炭10.0 t·hm^(-2)”的协同处理,净氨化速率提高了53.1%~95.3%;在8、9月份,与不施加生物炭和有机肥(对照)相比,“施加有机肥9 t·hm^(-2)+施加生物炭2.5 t·hm^(-2)”协同处理,净硝化速率分别提高了22.7%、58.0%,净氮矿化速率分别提高了22.8%、50.0%。土壤净硝化速率、净氮矿化速率,随着土壤温度升高、含水量增大、总氮质量分数增加而提高,随着土壤碳氮质量比(To explore the effect of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen mineralization of Populus tomentosa plantations after the third year of application,three organic fertilizer application amounts(0,3 and 9 t·hm^(-2))and three biochar application amounts(0,2.5 and 10.0 t·hm^(-2))were selected in a randomized zone group of nine synergistic application test protocols at the research base of Beijing Forestry University in Guan County,Liaocheng City,Shandong Province,using the split-zone test and in situ incubation method.Biochar and organic fertilizer were applied to the test site in spring 2018(both at a depth of 20 cm),and 1-year old“BeiLin No.1”was used for planting in 2019(planting density of 3 m×4 m).No biochar and organic fertilizer were applied as control plots,and soil samples were collected from August to November 2020.The net ammonification rate,net nitrification rate and net nitrogen mineralization rate were measured after different fertilization treatments to analyze the effects of biochar,organic fertilizer and their interaction on nitrogen mineralization in the soil of poplar plantation.The results showed that biochar significantly increased the soil inorganic N mass fraction,with a higher soil inorganic N mass fraction at a biochar application rate of 10.0 t·hm^(-2).In August and September,the interaction of biochar and organic fertilizer had highly significant effects(P<0.01)on the net nitrification rate and net nitrogen mineralization rate of the soil,and biochar also had significant effects(P<0.05)on the net ammonification rate,net nitrification rate,and net nitrogen mineralization rate of the soil.In August,the synergistic treatment of“no application of organic fertilizer+application of biochar 2.5 t·hm^(-2)”,“no application of organic fertilizer+application of biochar 10.0 t·hm^(-2)”,“application of organic fertilizer 3.0 t·hm^(-2)+application of biochar 10.0 t·hm^(-2)”,“application of organic fertilizer 9.0 t·hm^(-2)+no application of biochar”and“Application o

关 键 词：毛白杨人工林 生物炭 有机肥 森林土壤 土壤氮矿化 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学] S725.5