青海省互助县10年耕地土壤养分状况、变化趋势及肥力评价  

Evaluation of the Cultivated Land Fertility and Trends of Soil Nutrient Status of Huzhu County in Qinghai Province in the Past 10 Years

作　　者：邓晓倩 马素娟[2] 曹晓萍[1] 王攀 安韶山[1] DENG Xiaoqian;MA Sujuan;CAO Xiaoping;WANG Pan;AN Shaoshan(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Huzhu County,Haidong City,Qinghai Province,Huzhu,Qinghai 810599,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [2]青海省海东市互助县农业技术推广中心,青海互助810599 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第6期112-120,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0603)。

摘　　要：为了研究青海省互助县2007—2016年10年间耕地土壤理化性质以及土壤肥力状况的变化,将4176个土壤样点的基本理化指标根据乡镇进行分析比较,采用模糊综合评价的方法对土壤肥力进行评价,以期为当地耕地的合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)互助县的耕地土壤养分状况整体较好,单个指标质量等级均在前三级。(2)由于长期使用酸性复合肥,耕地酸碱度降低5.20%;长期耕种导致耕地肥力消耗,消耗的元素不及时补充,使得SOM含量降低9.69%;TK降低32.02%;土壤碳氮比降低27.28%。(3)互助县耕地土壤的肥力情况呈现西南低,东北高的趋势。土壤综合肥力指数上升了5.77%,主要是氮、磷元素升高引起,存在环境污染的风险。因此在后续的耕作过程中,应注重有机肥和钾肥的添加,秸秆还田,蚕豆与其他作物轮作,少施或不施磷肥,降低环境污染风险,确保耕作环境良好,作物可持续生长。In order to study the changes of farmland soil physical and chemical properties and the fertility status in Huzhu County,Qinghai Province from 2006 to 2017,basic physical and chemical indexes of 4176 soil samples in the villages and towns were analyzed,and the soil fertility was evaluated with the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.We aimed to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of local cultivated land.The results showed that:(1)the soil nutrient status of cultivated land in Huzhu County was good,and the quality grade of each index was at the first three levels;(2)pH of cultivated land decreased by 5.20%due to the long-term use of acid compound fertilizer;long-term tillage resulted in fertility consumption,and the consumed elements were not replenished in time,resulting in a 9.69%reduction in SOM content;TK decreased by 32.02%;soil C/N ratio decreased by 27.28%;(3)the fertility of cultivated soil in Huzhu County showed a trend of low in southwest and high in northeast;the comprehensive soil fertility index increased by 5.77%,which was caused by the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus elements,and there was a risk of environmental pollution;(4)in the following tillage process,attention should be paid to the addition of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer,straw return to the field,broad beans and other crops rotation,little or no application of phosphorus fertilizer in order to reduce the risk of environmental pollution,and ensure good tillage environment and sustainable growth of crops.

关 键 词：土壤养分 耕地肥力 模糊综合评价 时空变化 青海互助 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]