2000-2019年黄土高原地区土壤保持时空变化及影响因素分析  

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Changes and Influencing Factors of Soil Conservation in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2019

作　　者：孙应龙 李娜[2] 黄斌斌 赵晓凤 延昊 曹云 SUN Yinglong;LI Na;HUANG Binbin;ZHAO Xiaofeng;YAN Hao;CAO Yun(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161,China;Research Center for Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]辽宁省农业科学院,沈阳122000 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第6期290-297,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510204);国家气象中心预报员专项(Y202116)。

摘　　要：为揭示全球气候变化背景下黄土高原的生态建设成效,以土壤保持量为评估指标,应用美国修正通用土壤流失方程,评估了黄土高原土壤保持服务功能以及植被、气象等因素对其影响,分析了2000年以来植被和气候变化影响下黄土高原土壤保持量时空动态变化特征。结果表明:2000—2019年黄土高原土壤保持量平均值为109.5 t/hm^(2),并呈增加趋势,平均每年增加2.0 t/hm^(2),空间分布黄土高原中部和东部土壤保持量增加较明显。2000年以来黄土高原地区植被NPP呈增加趋势,年平均值为330.5 gC/m^(2),且平均每年增加7.2 gC/m^(2);2000年以来植被覆盖度年平均值为29.2%,且以平均每年0.52%的趋势增加。黄土高原地区2000年以来气温和降水量均显著增加,平均年降水量为469.1 mm,且呈增加趋势,平均每年增加3.1 mm,年平均气温为10.2℃,平均每年增加0.03℃。黄土高原生态恢复措施加强,加之区域“暖湿化”有利气候条件,促进了区域生态建设成效显现,成为黄土高原生态恢复、功能提升的重要因素之一。In order to reveal for revealing the ecological effects of the Loess Plateau under the background of global climate change,soil conservation was used as the evaluation indicator,and the United States modified general soil loss equation was used to evaluate the soil retention function of the Loess Plateau and the effect of vegetation and weather factors in the past 20 years.This study has important scientific value and practical significance The results showed that the average amount of soil retention in the Loess Plateau during 2000—2019 was 109.5 t/hm^(2);soil retention increased at a rate of 2.0 t/hm^(2) per year since 2000;the soil retention in the central and eastern parts of the Loess Plateau had increased significantly;the vegetation NPP in the Loess Plateau had increased at a rate of about 7.2 gC/m^(2) since 2000,with an annual average of 330.5 gC/m^(2);the annual average of vegetation coverage in the Loess Plateau was 29.2%during the year 2000—2019,and the annual average rate is 29.2%with 0.52%increases per year.The clear trend of‘warm and humidification’in the Loess Plateau had shown since 2000,and both temperature and precipitation had increased significantly.The average annual precipitation had been 469.1 mm,with increased trend of 3.1 mm per year,an average annual temperature of 10.2℃with an increased trend of 0.03℃since 2000.The ecological recovery measures have enhanced in the Loess Plateau,and the better climate conditions have resulted from the effect of ecological construction,which is the main factor of ecological restoration.

关 键 词：黄土高原 土壤保持 植被覆盖度 植被NPP 气象条件 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]