高分子材料生物降解性检测方法研究进展  

Research progress of biodegradability testing methods of polymer materials

作　　者：黄开胜[1] 赵彦[1] 张锡辉 丁琪琪 徐董育[1] HUANG Kaisheng;ZHAO Yan;ZHANG Xihui;DING Qiqi;XU Dongyu(Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection,Shenzhen 518000,China;Shenzhen International Graduate School,Institute of Environment and Ecology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市计量质量检测研究院,广东深圳518000 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院环境与生态研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国测试》2022年第10期16-24,31,共10页China Measurement & Test

基　　金：深圳市计量质量检测研究院博士后基金(2020-YA04)。

摘　　要：生物降解材料是指在自然界如土壤、沙土等条件下,或特定条件如堆肥、厌氧消化或水性培养液等条件下,能被微生物作用降解,并最终完全降解变成二氧化碳(CO_(2))或/和甲烷(CH_(4))、水(H_(2)O)及其所含元素的矿化无机盐以及新的生物质的材料。高分子材料的生物降解过程受其自身理化性质、微生物种类和降解环境等多种因素的影响。现有的生物降解性能检测方法标准很多,大体可分为三类,即好氧微生物降解、厌氧微生物降解和其他检测方法。塑料制品的生物降解性检测对于市场监管至关重要,该文依据不同降解环境,对现有的生物降解性检测方法进行归纳整理并分析其优缺点,旨在为生物降解材料领域检测和研发提供参考。Biodegradable material represents the materials can be degraded by microorganisms in nature conditions(such as soil and sandy soil) or specific conditions(such as composting condition, anaerobic digestion condition, and aqueous medium condition), and eventually mineralize into carbon dioxide(CO_(2))or/and methane(CH_(4)), water(H_(2)O), inorganic salts and new biomass. The degradation process of polymer depends on its physical properties, chemical properties and the degradation environment. There are many standards for biodegradability testing methods, which can be divided into three categories, namely aerobic microbial degradation, anaerobic microbial degradation and other testing methods. Biodegradability testing of plastic products is crucial for market supervision. This paper summarized the existing testing methods,evaluated their advantages and disadvantages, aiming to put forward some new ideas for the research of biodegradable materials under different degradation environments.

关 键 词：塑料 微塑料污染 生物降解材料 检测 标准 

分 类 号：TQ317[化学工程—高聚物工业] TB9[一般工业技术—计量学]