餐厨废弃物不同堆肥对沙培基质特性及小白菜生长发育的影响  

Effects of different kitchen wastes composts on sand culture substrate characteristics and growth of pakchoi

作　　者：吴泽帅 王晓莉 寇存莲 尹翠 王学龙 曹云娥[1] Wu Zeshuai;Wang Xiaoli;Kou Cunlian;Yin Cui;Wang Xuelong;Cao Yun’e(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Gongxiang Human Resources Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Wanhui Biological Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏共享人力资源有限公司,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏万辉生物环保科技有限公司,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2022年第3期22-29,共8页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：餐厨废弃物生产功能性肥料及生态农业构建。

摘　　要：以小白菜为试材,设置4个处理,即对照(CK)纯沙,KS:餐厨废弃物+木屑(20%):纯沙(80%)、KC:餐厨废弃物+玉米秸秆(20%):纯沙(80%)、KCS:餐厨废弃物+木屑+玉米秸秆(20%):纯沙(80%),测定沙培基质理化指标、小白菜的生长指标、品质和产量,筛选出最适合小白菜生长的餐厨废弃物堆肥处理。结果表明,相比于CK处理,KSC处理基质碱性减弱,pH值为8.53,降低了0.58,KS处理基质EC值为0.22 mS/cm,增大了0.08 mS/cm,KC处理基质有机质含量最高,为46.25 g/kg,是CK处理含量的3.74倍;KSC处理的基质养分含量相比CK有显著提高;KC处理脲酶活性为57.60 mg/(g·d),升高47.65%,KSC处理蔗糖酶活性为73.67mg/(g·d),升高197.06%。在小白菜40天的生长过程中,KSC处理株高相对生长率最高,为0.017 cm/d,KS处理的叶面积相对生长率最高,为0.035 cm^(2)/d,KS处理干物质积累量最高,G值为1.17。堆肥处理可以提高小白菜Vc含量,其中KSC处理最高为86.27 mg/100 g,木屑的添加促进了硝酸盐的累积,但各处理的含量均在我国蔬菜硝酸盐标准范围内;有机酸、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物指标差异不明显;KS处理小白菜产量相比于CK增产最多,产量1162.54 kg/667 m^(2),增产了191.62%。综合主成分分析,KS处理即餐厨废弃物与木屑混合堆肥的效果最好。添加餐厨废弃物堆肥显著改善了沙培基质理化性质,对小白菜的生长速度以及产量和品质都具有显著的提高作用,可为以小白菜为代表的农作物种植提供参考。In order to explore the effects of different kitchen wastes composts on characteristics of sand culture substrate and growth of pakchoi,the pakchoi was used as material and 4 treatments were set up,namely the control(CK)with pure sand,the KS with kitchen waste+sawdust(20%)and pure sand(80%),the KC with kitchen waste+corn straw(20%)and pure sand(80%)and the KCS with kitchen waste+sawdust+corn straw(20%)and pure sand(80%).The physical and chemical indexes of the substrate,and the growth indexes,quality and yield of pakchoi were measured,and the most suitable compost for pakchoi was selected.The results showed that compared with the CK treatment,KSC treatment decreased in stroma alkalinity,with a pH value of 8.53;the stroma EC value of KS treatment was 0.22 mS/cm,increased by 0.08 mS/cm;KC treatment had the highest content of organic matter(46.25 g·kg^(-1)),which was 3.74 times higher than CK treatment.The stroma nutrient content of KSC treatment was significantly higher than that of CK treatment.Stroma urease activity increased by 47.65%to 57.60 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1) in KC and 197.06%to 73.67 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1) in KSC.During the 40-day growth of pakchoi,the highest relative growth rate of plant height was 0.017 cm·d^(-1) in KSC,and the highest relative growth rate of leaf area was 0.035 cm^(2)·d^(-1) in KS.The dry matter accumulation of KS treatment was the highest,with the G value of 1.17.The VC content of pakchoi was increased by composting,and the highest VC content was 86.27 mg·100^(-1) g^(-1) by KSC.The addition of sawdust promoted the accumulation of nitrate,but the contents of all treatments were within the standard range of nitrate in vegetables in China.There were no significant differences in the indexes of organic acid,soluble sugar and soluble solid.Compared with CK,the yield of pakchoi treated with KS increased by 191.62%,which was 1162.54 kg·667^(-1)m^(-2).Based on comprehensive principal component analysis,KS treatment had the best effect.The addition of kitchen waste compost significantly improved

关 键 词：餐厨废弃物 小白菜 沙培基质改良 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]