苜蓿田灌溉模式对蚜虫及其天敌种群的影响  

Effects of irrigation patterns on populations of aphids and natural enemies in alfalfa fields

作　　者：晁遵淇 周雪飞 张祥 贺奇[1] 吴琼 慕嘉宁 穆楠 王新谱[1] 吕昭智 Chao Zunqi;Zhou Xuefei;Zhang Xiang;He Qi;Wu Qiong;Mu Jianing;Mu Nan;Wang Xinpu;LüZhaozhi(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Guantao County,Guantao 057750,China;College of Plant Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]河北省馆陶县农业农村局,河北馆陶057750 [3]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2022年第3期50-54,共5页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点国际合作研发计划项目(2018BFH0301)。

摘　　要：为明确不同灌溉模式(喷灌和漫灌)对苜蓿田蚜虫及其捕食性天敌的影响,分别于2020年、2021年苜蓿生长季,在宁夏中部干旱带苜蓿田开展调查,对不同灌溉模式下苜蓿田蚜虫3类主要天敌种群的数量及其益害比进行统计分析。结果表明:灌溉模式对苜蓿田蚜虫及其捕食性天敌种群的数量产生影响,试验期间漫灌田瓢虫、草蛉、蜘蛛3类天敌种群的数量均高于喷灌田;2020年蚜虫在漫灌田的数量少(是喷灌田的56.19%),而2021年蚜虫在漫灌田的数量较多(是喷灌田的1.04倍)。2020年、2021年漫灌田主要天敌数量分别是喷灌田的2.68倍和1.73倍,漫灌田益害比分别是喷灌田的16.24倍和72.63%。在宁夏中部干旱带对苜蓿田进行漫灌更有利于捕食性天敌种群数量增长。To determine the effects of different irrigation patterns(drip irrigation and flooding irrigation)on aphids and their predators in alfalfa fields,a systematic investigation of alfalfa fields under different irrigation patterns in the middle arid zone of Ningxia in the two growing seasons of alfalfa from 2020 to 2021 was carried out.Three parameters including the number of alfalfa aphids,number of their three main natural enemies and the ratio of natural enemies to aphids respectively were analyzed in both years.The results showed that the irrigation patterns did affect the number of aphids and the populations of their natural enemies in alfalfa fields.The number of ladybirds,lacewings,and spiders in flooding irrigation fields were higher than those in drip irrigation fields in 2020 and 2021.On the whole,aphids were fewer in flooding irrigation fields in 2020(56.19%of those in drip irrigation fields),and more in flooding irrigation fields in 2021(1.04 times of those in drip irrigation fields).The number of main natural enemies in flooding irrigation fields in 2020 and 2021was 2.68 times and 1.73 times of that in drip irrigation fields,respectively,and the ratios of natural enemies to aphids in flooding irrigation fields was 16.24 times and 72.63%of that in drip irrigation fields,respectively.Flooding irrigation of alfalfa fields in the middle arid zone of Ningxia is more conducive to the biological control of predatory natural enemy populations and can reduce reliance on pesticides.

关 键 词：苜蓿 灌溉模式 蚜虫 天敌 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]