露天矿爆破(烟)粉尘的爆炸水雾降尘技术研究  

Study on Dust Reduction Technology of Blasting Smoke and Dust by Explosion Water Mist in Open-pit Mine

作　　者：赵永岗[1] 王德胜[2] 秦鹏渊[1] 高玉璞 张丽[1] 李永华[1] ZHAO Yonggang;WANG Desheng;QIN Pengyuan;GAO Yuepu;ZHANG Li;LI Yonghua(Baiyun Iron Mine of Baotou Steel Union,Baotou 014080,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]包钢(集团)公司白云铁矿,内蒙古包头014080 [2]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《金属矿山》2022年第10期204-208,共5页Metal Mine

摘　　要：露天爆破会产生大量高浓度的炮烟和粉尘,受爆破飞石、冲击波等有害效应影响,一般喷淋等降尘措施无法靠近实施;传统的爆区地面洒水沁润和爆后喷淋方法对瞬时、高速强扩散的高浓度蘑菇状炮烟及粉尘治理效果不佳,露天(矿)爆破有毒炮烟和高浓度粉尘是露天采场及大气污染治理的难题。针对露天爆破炮烟和爆破粉尘治理难题,提出了以导爆索激发预先布设在爆区内的水袋生成爆炸水雾场,爆区抛掷前方阻拦、上部覆盖、同步生成和就地吸附为核心技术手段的爆炸水雾降尘技术方法。通过正交试验确定了爆炸水袋定型及水雾场规模,根据台阶深孔爆破的高速DIC测试结果确定了爆炸水雾降尘设计的关键技术参数。现场降尘试验效果显示爆炸水雾对地处干旱半干旱地区的白云铁矿爆破烟尘可以直接吸附、就地捕捉,在距离爆区100 m处爆破烟尘的浓度降低37%,爆破污染源头降尘效果显著,为露天矿山绿色开采创造了有利条件。Surface blasting will produce a large amount of high-concentration blasting smoke and dust.Dust reduction measures such as spraying cannot be implemented nearby,which is affected by the harmful effects of blasting flying stones and shock waves.The traditional methods of surface watering and spraying after blasting are not effective in the treatment of instantaneous and high-speed diffusion of mushroom-shaped blasting smoke and dust,open-pit(mine)blasting toxic blasting smoke and high-concentration dust are conundrums in open pit mining and air pollution control.Aiming at the problem of surface blasting smoke and dust control,this paper proposes that the explosion mist field generated by the detonating cord to excite the water bags pre-arranged in the blasting area,and the core technical of dust reduction technology using explosion water mist.The stereotype of the explosion water bag and the size of the water mist field were determined by orthogonal tests,and the key technical parameters of the design of the explosion water mist and dust reduction were determined according to the high-speed DIC test results of deep hole bench blasting.The on-site dust suppression test results show that the explosion water mist can directly adsorb and capture the blasting smoke and dust of Baiyun Iron Mine in arid and semi-arid areas.The concentration of blasting smoke and dust at a distance of 100 m from the blasting area is reduced by 37%,and the dust reduction effect of blasting pollution source significantly,favorable conditions have been created for green mining in open-pit mines.

关 键 词：爆炸水雾场 露天爆破 炮烟 粉尘 降尘 

分 类 号：TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]