核辐射致癌风险的世纪探究与启示  

Exploration and enlightenment of the carcinogenic risk of nuclear radiation to humans

作　　者：郭国祯 李静 刘大路 GUO Guozhen;LI Jing;LIU Dalu(Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection,School of Military Preventive Medicine,Air Force Medical University,Xi an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学军事预防医学系辐射防护医学教研室,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2022年第6期659-664,672,共7页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点基金(51437008);军委科学技术委员会基础加强项目(2017-JCJQ-ZD-051-01);全军后勤科研计划重大项目(AWS16J26)。

摘　　要：辐射除造福人类外,还会带来严重危害,尤其是辐射的致癌效应,已成为人们关注的焦点。当今世界核局势变化多端,亟待放射卫生学研究为民众应对突发事件提供指导。自上世纪以来,二战核爆炸、切尔诺贝利核电站事故以及福岛核电站事故调查报道了可观的医学大数据,成为辐射致癌效应最可信的研究基础。人们日常所受辐射的主要来源为医源性辐射,因此公众医源性辐射对癌症发生率的影响是研究的另一个重要课题。本文紧跟国际核辐射专业技术委员会发布的报告中涉及照射人群健康的重要证据,评述受辐射人群的癌症发生风险和规律,为我们深入了解核辐射致癌的风险和核辐射防护提供参考。Apart from benefiting mankind, radiation also causes serious harm. In particular, the carcinogenic effect of radiation has become the focus of attention. The nuclear situation in the world is changing so much that it is urgent for radiological hygiene research to provide guidance for the public to cope with emergencies. Since the last century, the World War Ⅱ nuclear explosion, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, and the Fukushima nuclear accident have provided medical big data and become the most reliable research basis for the carcinogenic effects of the large-scale radiation exposure to humans. Iatrogenic radiation is the main source of daily radiation exposure, so the impact of iatrogenic radiation on the incidence of cancer is another important topic of research. This paper closely follows the important evidence concerning the health of the exposed population in reports issued by the international professional committees on nuclear radiation, and reviews the risks and rules of cancer occurrence in the exposed population, so as to provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the carcinogenic risk of nuclear radiation and nuclear radiation protection.

关 键 词：核爆 核事故 医源性暴露 剂量评估 致癌 

分 类 号：R818.7[医药卫生—放射医学] X591[医药卫生—临床医学]