水稻成熟胚组织培养特性的细胞质效应研究  

Cytoplasmic Effects on Tissue Culture Characteristics from Mature Embryos in Rice

作　　者：刘艳涛[1,2] 王玉亮[1] 陈雄辉[1] 张林[1] LIU Yan-tao;WANG Yu-liang;CHEN Xiong-hui;ZHANG Lin(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China;Cangzhou Vocational College of Technology,Cangzhou,Hebei 061001,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [2]沧州职业技术学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2022年第5期14-18,共5页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(020977)。

摘　　要：采用一套经历了25代以上核置换回交的同核异质材料,其细胞核均为珍汕97,细胞质分别为夜公胞质、野败胞质、饶平野生稻胞质和珍汕97B胞质,用它们与一个来自日本的在成熟胚培养中具有高愈伤组织增殖力和再生力的粳稻恢复系Joshu杂交,得到一批同核异质以及同质异核材料,对这些材料的成熟籽粒进行培养。通过对愈伤组织鲜重和再生率的测定分析了愈伤组织增殖力和再生力的细胞质效应。结果表明,细胞核在愈伤组织增殖力和再生力方面都有极显著的效应;而细胞质效应在愈伤组织增殖力方面不显著,但在愈伤组织再生力上达极显著水平。对提高愈伤组织再生力具有最好细胞质效应的是野败胞质,饶平野生稻胞质和夜公胞质其次,珍汕97可育胞质最低,说明通过改良细胞质可提高水稻成熟胚的组织培养效率。A set of isonuclear alloplasmic lines, which had undergone more than 25 generations of nuclear substitution backcross, with the same nucleus of Zhenshan 97 and different cytoplasm from the male sterile cytoplasm of Yegong(YGA), wild abortive rice(WA), Raoping wild rice(RPA) and the fertile cytoplasm of Zhenshan 97B(ZSB), were used to cross with Joshu, a japonica restorer line with high callus proliferation and regeneration ability in mature embryo culture to obtain a batch of isonuclear alloplasmic and isoplasm allonuclear materials, whose mature seeds were subjected to tissue culture. The fresh weight and regeneration rate of callus were tested to evaluate the callus proliferation and regeneration ability. The results showed that the nucleus had a significant effect at 0.01 level on both callus proliferation and callus regeneration, however, the cytoplasm had not a significant effect on callus proliferation but it had a significant effect at 0.01 level on callus regeneration. WA had the best cytoplasmic effect on increase of callus regeneration rate, RPA and YGA were second, and ZSB was the lowest. It is indicated that the tissue culture efficiency of mature embryos could be enhanced by improving the cytoplasm in rice.

关 键 词：水稻 细胞质效应 组织培养 愈伤组织 增殖力 再生力 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311