遮光对齐穗后籼粳杂交稻干物质生产和碳氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Shading After Full Heading on Dry Matter Production and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Indica-japonica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：尚程 种浩天 熊昕 黄礼英 田小海[1] 张运波[1] SHANG Cheng;CHONG Hao-tian;XIONG Xin;HUANG Li-ying;TIAN Xiao-hai;ZHANG Yun-bo(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2022年第5期100-107,共8页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172108);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301306)。

摘　　要：为探究遮光对齐穗后籼粳杂交稻干物质生产和碳氮代谢的影响,通过2 a大田试验比较了籼粳杂交稻(甬优1540和甬优538)与籼型杂交稻(Y两优900和荃优华占)齐穗后遮光下的产量、干物质积累和相关生理指标的差异。结果表明:齐穗期遮光显著降低了水稻产量,其中籼粳杂交稻在遮光下产量降低了45.0%,而籼型杂交稻则降低59.2%;遮光显著降低了水稻成熟期的干物质积累量;遮光提高了各器官氮素积累量,籼型杂交稻各器官氮素提升幅度显著大于籼粳杂交稻;遮光提高了剑叶中谷氨酸合成酶和硝酸还原酶活性,降低了蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性,籼粳杂交稻各种酶活性受遮光的影响较籼型杂交稻要小;遮光后叶片SPAD值增加,净光合速率、气孔导度和比叶重下降。籼粳杂交稻比籼型杂交稻具有更稳定的碳氮代谢和光合特性,这保证了其即使在弱光胁迫下也具有较好的生态适应性。To explore the effects of shading after full heading on dry matter production and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of indica-japonica hybrid rice, a two-year field experiment was conducted to compare the grain yield, dry matter accumulation and related physiological characteristics between indica-japonica hybrid rice(Yongyou 1540and Yongyou 538) and indica hybrid rice(Y Liangyou 900 and Quanyou Huazhan) under the shading stress after full heading stage. The results showed that the grain yield was significantly reduced under shading after full heading, in which the grain yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice decreased by 45.0%, while that of indica hybrid rice decreased by 59.2%. The dry matter accumulation at maturity was significantly reduced under the shading stress. Shading increased nitrogen accumulation in various organs with a greater extent in indica hybrid rice than in indica-japonica hybrid rice. Shading increased the activities of glutamate synthase(GOGAT) and nitrate reductase(NR), decreased the activities of sucrose synthase(SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS), and the effects of shading on the activities of various enzymes were less in indica-japonica hybrid rice than in indica hybrid rice. The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and specific leaf weight were significantly decreased, but the SPAD was increased under shading.Compared with indica hybrid rice, indica-japonica hybrid rice has more stable carbon and nitrogen metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics, which ensures that it has a better ecological adaptability even under shading stress.

关 键 词：籼粳杂交稻 产量 碳氮代谢 干物质生产 光合特性 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311