成都市龙泉驿区生活饮用水中三氯甲烷的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of chloroform in drinking water in Longquanyi District of Chengdu City

作　　者：王玲 陈婷[2] 邹锟[2] WANG Ling;CHEN Ting;ZOU Kun(Longquanyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610100,Sichuan Province,China;West China Research Centre of Rural Health Development,West China School of Public Health,West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市龙泉驿区疾病预防控制中心,成都610100 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,成都610041

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2022年第10期1382-1387,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析成都市龙泉驿区生活饮用水中三氯甲烷含量的消长规律,评估其对辖区内居民健康的潜在风险。方法对2018—2020年成都市龙泉驿区生活饮用水中的三氯甲烷进行检测,分析年度、枯丰水期、饮用水输送距离与三氯甲烷含量变化的关系,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评估模型对三氯甲烷经饮水途径暴露引起的健康风险进行评价。结果2018—2020年龙泉驿区饮用水中三氯甲烷的含量均未超过国家标准限值;2020年丰水期饮用水中三氯甲烷的含量高于2018年和2019年相同时期,差异有统计学意义(F=18.670,P<0.001);2018—2020年丰水期饮用水中三氯甲烷的含量均高于枯水期,差异有统计学意义(2018年:t_(配对)=-5.186,P<0.001;2019年:t_(配对)=-6.022,P<0.001;2020年:t_(配对)=-13.393,P<0.001)。随着饮用水输送距离的增加,饮用水中三氯甲烷的含量有增高的趋势,Y=0.015+0.597X(F=5.530,P=0.041)。龙泉驿区三氯甲烷经饮水途径暴露导致的成人和儿童的非致癌风险值分别为(0.0410~0.0908)和(0.0771~0.1720),致癌风险值分别为(1.27×10^(-5)~2.83×10^(-5))和(2.39×10^(-5)~5.33×10^(-5))。结论2018—2020年成都市龙泉驿区各年度、枯丰水期、输送距离对饮用水中三氯甲烷含量有影响,三氯甲烷经饮水途径暴露引起的非致癌健康风险和致癌风险均在可接受的限值内。Objective To understand the content of chloroform in drinking water in Longquanyi District of Chengdu,to explore the potential health hazards of chloroform in drinking water in Longquanyi District.Methods The concentration of chloroform in drinking water in Longquanyi District from 2018 to 2020 was detected.The relationship between annual,dry and wet periods,drinking water transmission distance and chloroform content was analyzed.The health risk caused by exposure to chloroform through drinking water was evaluated by using the health risk model recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection agency.Results The content of chloroform in drinking water in Lorgquanyi District during 2018-2020 was in compliance with national standard.The content of chloroform in drinking water in wet season in 2020 was higher than that in the same period in 2018 and 2019(F=18.670,P=0.000).From 2018 to 2020,the content of chloroform in drinking water in wet season was higher than that in dry season,and the difference was statistically significant(2018:t=-5.186,P<0.001;2019:t=-6.022,P<0.001;2020:t=-13.393,P<0.001).With the increase of the transportation distance of drinking water,the content of chloroform in drinking water tends to increase(Y=0.015+0.597X,F=5.530,P=0.041).The non-carcinogenic risk values of adults and children caused by trichloromethane through drinking water were 0.0410~0.0908 and 0.0771~0.1720,respectively.The corresponding carcinogenic risk values of adults and children were 1.27×10^(-5)~2.83×10^(-5) and 2.39×10^(-5)~5.33×10^(-5),respectively.Conclusions Year,dry and wet season and transportation distance have an impact on the content of chloroform in drinking water.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk caused by exposure to chloroform through drinking water are in the acceptable value in Longquanyi District.

关 键 词：饮用水 三氯甲烷 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]