上海青浦福泉山遗址出土崧泽至良渚时期玉器的材质特征与玉料来源  

Material characteristics and sources of jade artifacts of Songze and Liangzhu cultures unearthed from Fuquanshan site,Qingpu District,Shanghai

作　　者：谷娴子[1,2] 黄翔 丘志力[2] 张跃峰 郑昕雨 裔传臻 GU Xianzi;HUANG Xiang;QIU Zhili;ZHANG Yuefeng;ZHENG Xinyu;YI Chuanzhen(Shanghai Museum,Shanghai 200003,China;School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]上海博物馆,上海200003 [2]中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2022年第5期1-12,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42003022);上海博物馆馆级科研课题(2020GA02);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)创新团队建设项目(311021002)联合资助。

摘　　要：上海青浦福泉山遗址出土玉器中的绝大多数没有做过科学测试,本次研究对其中6件崧泽玉器和478件良渚玉器进行了显微放大观察和红外光谱(FTIR)、便携式X射线荧光光谱(pXRF)、拉曼光谱(Raman)无损测试分析。结果表明:福泉山遗址出土崧泽玉器材质含透闪石玉、蛇纹石玉、萤石3类;良渚玉器材质含透闪石玉、蛇纹石玉、石英质玉、云母质玉、萤石、滑石质玉、绿松石7类。确认部分透闪石玉样品为含石墨包裹体的青花玉品种,所有透闪石玉样品的Sr含量都小于50μg/g,与已知江苏小梅岭透闪石玉不符。揭示福泉山遗址所用透闪石玉和蛇纹石玉均存在超基性岩型、大理岩型两种成因类型,有多产地来源的特点,为从玉料使用角度全面认识南方史前文明化进程提供了新的重要材料。Most of the jade artifacts unearthed from Fuquanshan site in Qingpu District of Shanghai have not been tested scientifically.In this study,six jade artifacts of Songze culture and 478 jade artifacts of Liangzhu culture were microscopically observed and nondestructively analyzed using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),portable X-ray fluorescence(pXRF)and Raman spectrometry.The results show that jade artifacts of Songze culture are made of tremolite,serpentine and fluorite,while those of Liangzhu culture are made of tremolite,serpentine,quartz,illite,fluorite,steatite and turquoise.It is confirmed that some tremolite samples have graphite inclusions,and the Sr contents of all tremolite samples are lower than 50μg/g,which is inconsistent with the known Meiling jade from Jiangsu Province.It is also revealed that the tremolite jades and serpentine jades both have two genetic types—ultrabasic rock type and marble type,indicating that the jade materials used from Songze to Liangzhu periods have the characteristics of multiple sources.This finding provides an important new material for the comprehensive understanding of the development of prehistoric cultures in south China from the perspective of jade use.

关 键 词：福泉山遗址 崧泽文化 良渚文化 玉器材质 玉料来源 

分 类 号：K876.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]