浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区三种雉类生态位在时间上的分离  

Temporal Niche Separation of Three Pheasants in the Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：谢培根 胡娟 陈昕旸 李耀宇 李婷婷 郭瑞 许丽娟 宋虓 徐爱春 XIE Peigen;HU Juan;CHEN Xinyang;LI Yaoyu;LI Tingting;GUO Rui;XU Lijuan;SONG Xiao;XU Aichun(College of Life Sciences,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou,310018,China;Administrative Bureau of Zhejiang Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve,Hangzhou,311300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区管理局,杭州311300

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第4期955-963,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101405);浙江省珍稀濒危野生动植物抢救保护工程(2021—2025)。

摘　　要：为探究同域分布的白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律及其季节性差异,2018年1月—2020年12月,在浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区放置120台红外相机开展野外监测,采用核密度估计和重叠系数对3种雉类进行研究,结果显示:(1)在日活动节律上,3种雉类均为以晨昏活动为主的昼行性动物,全年日活动节律重叠系数均较高,但活动高峰不完全重叠。(2)3种雉类日活动节律季节性变化明显,春、秋和冬季生态位分离主要体现在清晨的活动高峰上,但黄昏时的活动高峰基本无差别。(3)3种雉类夏季的活动时间较其他季节延长、活动频率增加,白颈长尾雉(05:00—07:00和17:00—19:00)和勺鸡(05:00—07:00和14:00—16:00)仍保持早晚2个活动高峰的双峰型,但白鹇则变化为单峰型(09:00)。综上表明,3种雉类各季节的日活动节律重叠系数均低于全年总体水平,若将采集的全年数据合并分析可能会掩盖季节间的差异。3种雉类的生态位在时间上的分离,为保护区在不同季节有针对性地制定雉类保护策略提供依据,建议在今后的活动节律研究中充分考虑季节间的差异。To explore the daily and seasonal activity patterns of sympatric Elliot s pheasant(Syrmaticus ellioti),silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera),koklass pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha)in the Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,120 infrared cameras were installed from January 2018 to December 2020.Kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap analyses showed that:(1)In terms of daily activity rhythms,the three pheasant species are diurnal animals that are most active during the morning and at dusk.Also,while the overlapping coefficient of daily activity rhythm was high,the activity peaks of the three pheasant species did not completely overlap.(2)The daily activity rhythms of the three pheasant species changed from season to season.Niche separation mostly occurred in the morning during spring,autumn,and winter months,whereas the activity peaks of the species were similar in the evening.(3)In summer,the activity periods of all three pheasant species increased relative to the other seasons.During this time,the Elliot s pheasant(05:00—07:00 and 17:00—19:00)and koklass pheasant(05:00—07:00 and 14:00—16:00)maintained bimodal activity peaks in both the morning and evening,whereas the silver pheasant shifted to a single peak pattern(09:00).The overlapping coefficient of daily activity rhythms between different seasons was relatively low compared with the coefficient over the whole year,indicating that annual cumulative data could mask seasonal difference.This study revealed that how these three species consistently separate their temporal niches,suggesting that seasonal differences should be considered in future studies of activity rhythms to help understand the ecological habits of different pheasants,and provided a basis for a seasonal conservation strategy of pheasant populations in the reserve.

关 键 词：活动节律 生态位分离 红外相机 白颈长尾雉 白鹇 勺鸡 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]