企鹅系统发育分类与肠道菌群组成差异的相关性  

Relationship between Phylogenetic Taxonomy and Gut Microbiota in Penguins

作　　者：张胜久 李艳秋 孔重人[2] 马勇 刘友林 张东旭 田甲申[2] ZHANG Shengjiu;LI Yanqiu;KONG Zhongren;MA Yong;LIU Youlin;ZHANG Dongxu;TIAN Jiashen(Dalian Sun Asia Tourism Holding Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,116023,China;Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian,116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司,大连116023 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,大连116023

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第4期979-989,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：辽宁省海洋与渔业厅科研项目(201812,201822)。

摘　　要：除了环境和食物因素外,宿主的系统发育同样被认为会影响动物的肠道菌群,但对于鸟类,特别是极地企鹅不同种属的系统发育分类学差异对其肠道菌群的影响尚未清楚。本研究利用在相同环境和食物条件下馆养的王企鹅(Aptenodytes patagonicus)、帽带企鹅(Pygoscelis antarctica)和巴布亚企鹅(P.papua)分析宿主系统发育分类学差异对企鹅肠道菌群的影响。结果表明:不同企鹅的肠道菌群多样性、组成和功能均具有显著差异(P<0.05),王企鹅肠道菌群具有最高的多样性,其次为帽带企鹅,巴布亚企鹅肠道菌群多样性最低。多种细菌在王企鹅的肠道菌群中出现特异性富集,包括类谷氨酸杆菌属(Paeniglutamicibacter)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、肉杆菌属(Carnobacterium)、狭义的梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto 1)、消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)、戈特沙尔克氏属(Gottschalkia)和蒂西耶氏菌属(Tissierella);巴斯德氏菌属(Pasteurella)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)在帽带企鹅肠道菌群中丰度明显升高;而巴布亚企鹅肠道菌群具有更多的萨特氏菌属(Sutterella)和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)细菌。王企鹅肠道菌群中信号传递相关通路基因的丰度显著高于巴布亚企鹅和帽带企鹅,相比之下,帽带企鹅肠道菌群具有更强的碳水化合物消化吸收能力,而巴布亚企鹅肠道菌群中鞘磷脂代谢的能力明显高于其他企鹅。本研究发现王企鹅、帽带企鹅和巴布亚企鹅肠道菌群的差异可能是其固有的遗传特性。Phylogeny of host has been identified as one of the main factors affecting the gut microbiota of animals.However,understanding of the effects of phylogenetic taxonomy on the gut microbiota of birds,especially polar penguin species,is still rare.In this study,captive King(Aptenodytes patagonicus),Chinstrap(Pygoscelis antarctica),and Gentoo(Pygoscelis papua)penguins were used to investigate the effects of host phylogenetic taxonomy on their gut microbiota.The results showed that significant differences in the diversity,composition,and function of gut microbiota among different penguin species were observed.The highest diversity of gut microbiota was found in the King penguins,followed by Chinstrap penguins,and then in the Gentoo penguins.Diverse bacteria were enriched in the gut microbiota of King penguins,including Paeniglutamicibacter,Psychrobacter,Carnobacterium,Clostridium sensu stricto 1,Peptostreptococcus,Gottschalkia,and Tissierella.The genera of Pasterurella and Cetobacterium were found to be more abundant in the gut microbiota of Chinstrap penguins,and the genera of Sutterella and Lachnospiraceae were more abundant in the gut microbiota of Gentoo penguins.The abundance of signaling-related pathway genes in the gut microbiota of King penguins were higher than those of Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins.In contrast,the gut microbiota of Chinstrap penguins had stronger carbohydrate digestion and absorption capacity,while the ability of sphingolipid metabolism in the gut microbiota of Gentoo penguins was higher than that in other penguins.Because the penguins in the present study lived in the same environment and were fed with the same food,differences in the gut microbiota among King,Chinstrap,and Gentoo penguins may be their inherent genetic characteristics.

关 键 词：系统发育分类学 王企鹅 帽带企鹅 巴布亚企鹅 肠道菌群 高通量测序 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]