光周期对雄性哺乳动物季节性精子发生的影响及其调控机制  

Photoperiod Regulates the Mechanism of Seasonal Sperm Formation in Male Mammals

作　　者：杨笛 陈婉依 宫泽儒 杨明 YANG Di;CHEN Wanyi;GONG Zeru;YANG Ming(College of Life Science,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang,110034,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第4期1131-1138,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071518,31670425)。

摘　　要：季节性繁殖是哺乳动物在长期的进化过程中,为了应对外界环境的变化,选择合适的季节进行繁殖的行为。雄性哺乳动物在非繁殖季节表现为睾丸退化,精子发生的减数分裂过程受阻,进入繁殖季节性腺恢复,重新启动精原细胞的分裂和分化,这种季节性精原细胞分裂和分化与精子发生受到环境因子和多种体内激素的调节。就光周期信号分子——褪黑激素通过TSH-DIO2/DIO3-T_(3)逆行通路和HPG轴—睾酮—视黄酸信号系统对雄性哺乳动物繁殖季节性调控的研究综述可知:褪黑激素通过调控HPG轴的功能促进精子的发生;睾酮促进生殖细胞黏附分子的表达,维持血睾屏障的作用,刺激生精小管发育,有利于精子生成;视黄酸是调控雄性哺乳动物精原细胞分化、减数分裂和精子变形的多功能因子。An appropriate season to reproduct is a selection in response to changes in the external environment during the long-term evolution of mammals.In the non-breeding season,male mammals show testicular degeneration,the meiosis process of spermatogenesis is blocked;while the gonads recover during the breeding season and the division and differentiation of spermatogonia is resumed.This seasonal division and differentiation of spermatogonia and spermatogenesis are regulated by environmental factors and a variety of hormones in vivo.This paper reviews the latest research progress of photoperiodic signal molecule melatonin on the seasonal regulation of male mammalian reproduction through TSH-DIO2/DIO3-T_(3) retrograde pathway and HPG axis testosterone retinoic acid signal system.Melatonin can protect sperm cells and promote spermatogenesis;Testosterone is an important androgen in spermatogenesis.It can promote the expression of germ cell adhesion molecules,maintain the role of blood testicular barrier,stimulate the development of seminiferous tubules and facilitate spermatogenesis.Retinoic acid is a multifunctional factor regulating spermatogonia differentiation,meiosis and sperm deformation in male mammals.

关 键 词：哺乳动物 季节性繁殖 精子发生 

分 类 号：Q494[生物学—生理学]