OED与COCA驱动下同义词的语义演变及辨析--以英语同义动词deceive和cheat为例  

An OED-and COCA-assisted Analysis on Semantic Change and Discrimination of Synonyms:By the Case of English Synonymous Verbs Deceive and Cheat

作　　者：江梦 JIANG Meng(School of Foreign Studies,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230601)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学外语学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《巢湖学院学报》2022年第4期120-127,共8页Journal of Chaohu University

摘　　要：基于牛津英语大词典(OED)与美国当代英语语料库(COCA),对英语同义动词deceive和cheat从义项、语体、词频、搭配和主题词五个方面进行比较分析。研究发现,语义演变进程中deceive脱落的义项多于cheat,故与deceive相比cheat在现代英语中语义范围更广,不过二者均保留“欺骗”义为主要词义;语体上deceive比cheat更偏正式;词频分布上cheat远高于deceive且二者屈折变化的频数关系不同;主题词上deceive多与宗教有关,而cheat多与诚信道德、婚姻伦理有关。本研究意在厘清同义动词deceive和cheat的异同点,期待对英语同义词教学与习得有所启发。Based on The Oxford English Dictionary(OED)and the Corpus of Contemporary American English(COCA),this paper conducts a comparative study of English synonymous verbs deceive and cheat from five aspects:sense evolution,genre distribution,word frequency,collocation,and topics.The results reveal that deceive has more senses that became obsolete than cheat in the process of semantic shifts,so the word cheat has a wider semantic scope in modern English,but both verbs retain the meaning of"To cause to believe what is false"as the chief word sense;different from cheat which is frequently used in oral and informal genres,deceive always appears in formal contexts;the word frequency of cheat is much higher than that of deceive and their inflectional change tendencies are different;deceive often co-occur with topic words related to religion,while cheat is regularly involved in topics like honesty and morality,marriage and ethics.The study aims to clarify the similarities and differences between synonyms deceive and cheat,hoping to provide inspiration for English synonyms teaching and acquisition.

关 键 词：同义词 语义演变 辨析 语料库 词典 

分 类 号：H032[语言文字—语言学]